QUOTES OF THE DAY

UNIT –III�PSYCHOLOGY OF THE HUMAN BEHAVIOR

R. RAGUPATHY

DEFINE BEHAVIOR

• It is an organism’s activities in response to external or internal stimuli, including objectively observable activities, introspectively observable activities , and nonconscious processes.

DEFINE HUMAN BEHAVIOR

• Human behavior is the potential and expressed capacity (mentally, physically, and socially) of human individuals or groups to respond to internal and external stimuli throughout their life.

NEEDS AND DRIVES

NEEDS

• Needs are general wants or desires of an individual.
• It is a state of deficiency in some necessity.
• This deficiency creates an imbalance in an individual - physiological, Psychological or social

TYPES OF NEEDS

• Biological needs and psychological needs
• Biological Needs : it is All our bodily or organic needs
• It is All our bodily or organic needs“ Primary Needs”
• These are very essential for survival of an Individual

PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS

• The needs that are associated with the sociocultural environment of an individual.
• Psychological needs are also called Secondary needs, which is learned through Social Learning

DRIVES

• A drive is a state of tension or arousal produced by need (or) the external condition that sets a behavior to reach a goal

BASIC HUMAN NEEDS

• Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid.

MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the needs are:

• physiological (food and clothing),
• safety (job security),
• love and belonging needs (friendship),
• esteem, and
• self-actualization.

PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

• Physiological needs - these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep.

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• If these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally.
• Maslow considered physiological needs the most important as all the other needs become secondary until these needs are met.

2. SAFETY NEEDS 

•  Safety needs - Once an individual’s physiological needs are satisfied, the needs for security and safety become salient.
• People want to experience order, predictability and control in their lives.
• These needs can be fulfilled by the family and society (e.g. police, schools, business and medical care).

3. LOVE AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS 

• Love and belongingness needs - after physiological and safety needs have been fulfilled, the third level of human needs is social and involves feelings of belongingness.
• The need for interpersonal relationships motivates behavior

4. ESTEEM NEEDS 

•  Esteem needs are the fourth level in Maslow’s hierarchy - which Maslow classified into two categories:
• (i) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence) and
• (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige).

5. SELF-ACTUALIZATION

• Self-actualization needs are the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy, and refer to the realization of a person's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences.

DYNAMICS OF BEHAVIOR

BEHAVIOR

• Behavior is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with themselves or their environment , which includes the other systems or organisms around as well as the physical environment.

CONTROL OF BEHAVIOR

The dynamic of behavior are grouped into three major categories

1. Biological dynamics
2. Psychological dynamics
3. Socio cultural dynamics

BIOLOGICAL DYNAMIC

• Genetic : A gene is a unit of hereidity which inherits from the parents
• It determines all the characteristics of human such as height, complexion, Hair color, skeletal structure etc

BIOLOGICAL DYNAMIC

• Sexual differences are socialized into a man or woman gender
• Males are expected to be muscular and aggressive
• Females are expected to be soft and caring for others.

BIOLOGICAL DYNAMIC

• Physical growth is an important human behavior
• The child behaves differently than grown up adult.

BIOLOGICAL DYNAMIC

• Nutrition intake has an impact on our behavior
• Balanced diet, correct fluid intake, protein, calcium and vitamins are linked with our physical strength

PSYCHOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

• Cognition : it refers to the mental process such as thinking , retrieving stored and learnt information in mind .
• These mental process help us to decision making, problem solving and shape our behavior .

PSYCHOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

• Perception : it means the way of perceive the events and actions of others
• It changes our behavior

PSYCHOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

• Emotion : Our emotional stability and emotions towards things determine the way of behavior towards them

PSYCHOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

• Attitudes : It is a negative or positive evaluation of a thing which already been formed in our minds.
• Attitude determine our behaviors

PSYCHOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

• Memory : Good or bad experiences and memories regarding things influence our behavior towards these things.

SOCIOCULTURAL DYNAMICS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

Social Dynamics

• Social norms and values
• Standard of life of a person
• Social status of a person
• Impact of technological advancements
• Family structure of a person
• Pattern of social activities
• Religious belief of a person etc

Cultural Dynamics

• Traditions and customs
• Changes in language
• Cultural ceremonies ( Marriages, Games )
• Ethnocentrism and xenocentrism
• Changes in culture across societies etc

QUESTIONS FORM THIS SESSION

1. Define human behavior, needs & drives
2. Explain in detail about Maslow's hierarchy of needs
3. Enumerate the dynamics of behaviour

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