DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE ��OF INDIA, PAKISTAN AND ��CHINA�

A COMAPARATIVE CASE STUDY

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

• Compare various economic and human development indicators of

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INDIA,CHINA & PAKISTAN.

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• Assess the strategies that those countries had adopted to reach their present status of development.

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DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES OF INDIA,CHINA AND PAKISTAN

SIMILARITIES IN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES OF INDIA,CHINA AND PAKISTAN

• India, China, Pakistan have many similarities in their development strategies which are as follows-
• All the three countries had started planning their development strategies in similar ways.
• India announced its Five Year Plan in 1951-56, while ’ Pakistan announced its first Five-year Plan in 1956, which is called Medium Term plan. China announced its First Five-year Plan in 1953.
• India and Pakistan adopted similar strategies such as creating a large public sector and raising public expenditure on social development.
• Till the 1980s, all the three countries had similar growth rates and per capita incomes.
• Economic reforms took place in all the three countries. Reforms started in India in 1991,in China in 1978 and in Pakistan in 1988

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES OF INDIA

SOUND TRADE SYSTEM

• This new reform in economies of India had been introduced and accelerates the economic growth of India

REDUCTION IN POVERTY

• This would help in increasing per capita income, rise in nutrition level of poor and there is a subsequent fall in percentage of absolute poor in some states

RURAL DEVELOPMENT

• Under this strategy, India adopted various measures for the development of areas that are lagging behind in the overall development of village economy.

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES OF PAKISTAN

MIXED ECONOMY

• Pakistan follows a mixed economy system where both public and private sectors co- existed.

IMPORT SUBSTITUTION

• This strategy focuses on producing goods domestically that a nation import from other countries.

GREEN REVOLUTION

• This was introduced to increase the productivity and self sufficiency in food. This increased the output of food grains.

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES OF CHINA

GREAT LEAP FORWARD(GLF)-

• This campaign initiated in 1958 aimed at industrializing the country on a massive scale.
• People were encouraged to set up industries in their backyards.

Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966-76)-

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• In 1965, Mao Tse Tung started a cultural revolution on a large scale.
• In this revolution, students and professionals were sent to work and learn from the country side.

Introduction of reforms-

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• China began to introduce many reforms in phases. The

reforms were initiated in agriculture, foreign trade and investment sector

AREAS WHERE PAKISTAN HAS AN

INDIA

EDGE OVER

• Starting from almost the same level as India, Pakistan has achieved better results with regards to-
• Migration of workforce from agriculture to industry,
• Migration of people from rural to urban areas.
• Access to improved water sources.
• Reduction in below poverty line population

AREAS WHERE INDIA HAS AN EDGE OVER

PAKISTAN

• In the area of skilled manpower and research and development institutions. India is better placed than Pakistan.
• Indian scientists excel in the areas of defence,technology, space research, electronics and avionics, genetics, telecommunications, etc.
• The number of PhDs produced by India in science and engineering every year (about 5000) is higher than the entire stock of PhDs in Pakistan.
• Issues of health facilities in general and infant mortality in particular are better addressed in India.

CHINA HAS AN EDGE OVER INDIA

• The Chinese reform process began more comprehensively during the 80s, when India was in the mid-stream of slow growth process.
• Rural poverty in China declined by 85% during the period 1978 to 1989. In India, it declined only by 50% during this period, Global exposure of the economy has been far more wider in China
• than in India. China’s export-driven manufacturing has recorded on exponential growth(EX-MADE IN CHINA PRODUCTS), while India continues to be only a marginal player in the international markets.

INDIA AND PAKISTAN:COMMON SUCCESS STORY

A substantial rise in GDP per capita

Dualistic nature of the economy is gradually

declining

Considerable reduction in the incidence of poverty

COMMON FAILURES OF INDIA AND PAKISTAN

Poor performance in HDI ranking.

Relatively slow pace of GDP growth.

Political survival of a dominating issue rather than good governance

THANKS

THIS IS ALL IN THIS PART ……………………..