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Modified Persian Windmill

Team 4

Daniel, Erick, Xin Yi, Joel, Adnan

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Introduction

  • Persian Windmill is the first windmill ever documented
  • Used to grind wheat or pump water
  • Utilises a Persian panemone design which is inefficient�

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When the winds of change blow, some build walls while others build windmills. In life it is better to change than to be stubborn

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Needs & Requirement

  • The modified Persian windmill needs to grinds peppercorns with minimum manual labour with the use of wind energy.
  • the windmill must be reliable and be able to maximize the capture and transfer of the kinetic energy of the wind to the windmill.
  • The windmill must also be inexpensive to maintain and operate, convenient to use, and safe.�

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Concept Evaluation

1

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Sail Cloth Materials

  • Wood
  • Composite plastic
  • Polyester/Plastic
  • Woven
  • Aluminium

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The chosen material was composite plastic due to its great durability and flexibility.

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Sail Type

  • Persian sail
  • Jib sails
  • Common sail
  • Spring sail
  • Vertical Elastic sail

The chosen sail was the vertical Elastic sail due to its effectiveness in both upwind and downwind conditions

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Shafts

  • Direct drive
  • 2:1 step down
  • 5:1 step down

We chose the 5:1 step down due to its large gear ratio which would maximise grinding and output per revolution.

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Function Analysis

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Simplified Overall Function

  • able to grinds peppercorns with minimum manual labour with the use of wind energy�
  • must be reliable, convenient and safe to use�
  • inexpensive to maintain and operate

User Input

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Detailed Overall Function

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Structural Design

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Sails

  • 4 elastic sail angled at 45 Degrees�
  • Provides the power to rotate the windmill�
  • The sails catch the wind and utilises its energy to spin

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  • Flexibility of the sails allow the sails to capture energy even on the upwind side of the windmill

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Bearings

  • NTN#AS207-107 Insert Bearing with Set Screws

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  • Reduce Vibrations

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  • OD 72mm; ID 36.5mm

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Gear System

  • Epicyclic Gearing
  • Gear Ratio of 5.2 : 1
  • Increases torque transferred per rotation
  • Able to withstand more load (Better tool life)

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Cyclical and Planetary

Ring Gear: 42t

Sun Gear: 10t

Planet Gear: 15t

Turn ratio = 10/(42+10) = 0.192

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Hopper

  • Easily control amount of seed per pocket
  • Able to release accurate volume of seeds per cycle
  • Can be controlled by Arduino
  • When the rotation of windmill reaches 25 counts,
  • Feeder rotates 120 degrees.
  • Seed is released into funnel below
  • Seeds fills up empty pocket

feeder

1

2

3

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Conical Ceramic Burr Grinder

  • Substitutes the grindstone�
  • Doesn’t require heavy mass to grind the seeds�
  • Can be more compact�
  • How it works�

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Analysis on the Ceramic Conical Burr Grinder

Torque = Force(N) x Distance(m)

= Weight of Bucket(kg) x Gravity(N/kg) x Lever Distance(m)

= Weight of Bucket(kg) x 9.81N/kg x 0.12m

= Weight of Bucket(kg) x 1.772

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Variable factors unable to control

  1. Phase which the seed is broken
  2. Number of seed being grind at the moment
  3. Location of the seed in the grinder

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Brake System

  • If period exceeds 1.2s , servo motor rotates 180
  • Brakes applied
  • To prevent windmill from rotating at dangerous speeds�
  • Brake when the machine is powered down. �
  • C-shaped braking pads

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Analysis of braking system

Servo to output: 8.8 kg/cm

Friction: Ff = µFn

8.8 x 0.5 x 9.81 = 43.164N

Ff = 0.6 x 43.164

= 25.8984N

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Where Ff = friction

µ = Friction coefficiency

Fn = normal force

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Electrical Components

Electrical Components Used (Quantity):

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  • Arduino Uno ( 1 )
  • Toggle Switch ( 1 )
  • Roller Switch ( 1 )
  • 330 Ω Resistor ( 3 )
  • 10k Ω Resistor ( 2 )
  • LED light ( 3 )
  • Buzzer ( 1 )
  • Powerbank ( 1 )
  • Servo Motor ( 2 )

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Arduino analysis

  • Switch has 3 toggle positions 1, 2, and 3�
  • Functions of each switch positions:
    • Switch 1
    • Switch 2
    • Switch 3
      • Loop statement
      • Rotational counter
      • Feeder

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Outcome

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Results

  • 10 m/s wind = 25 RPM
  • 8g of pepper/min
  • No visible vibrations
  • Not effective in weaker wind

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Conclusion

VAWT =

Less Efficient

Meet User Requirement

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Recommendations

  • Add a motor to overcome the static friction
  • Gear shafts need to be accurately aligned
  • Size requires diminishing
  • Change of purpose

👍

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Video

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Thanks!

Q&A Time