The Big Bang

Srdjan Dragić, Viktorija Babić, Lucija Vajda, Andjela Vodalov, Sofija Obradović

Gymnasium Jovan Jovanović Zmaj

What IS the Big Bang..?

• The universe was born in a big bang 13.8 billion years ago.
• The energy making up everything in the cosmos we see today was squeezed inside an inconceivably small space

First theories

• Albert Einstein came up with the ground breaking theory in 1915.
• Friedmann found that relativity naturally describes a cosmos that is either expanding or shrinking. Published in 1922, Friedmann’s work was largely ignored.

First theories

• Belgian priest and astronomer Georges Lemaître did the maths again and concluded that our universe mushroomed from a 'primeval atom'.
• Astronomer Edwin Hubble was already world famous for discovering that our galaxy is not the only one. His later observations in 1929 proved that all galaxies are moving away from us and moving faster the further away they are.

Step 1 : Explosion vs Expansion

• Although the Big Bang is often described as an "explosion", that's a misleading image. In an explosion, fragments are flung out from a central point into a pre-existing space. If you were at the central point, you'd see all the fragments moving away from you with roughly the same speed.

The process :

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-10494713/Largest-accurate-computer-simulation-UNIVERSE-revealed.html

The process:

• Opening a beer bottle has a similar effect as the process of cooling in the universe

Rapid cooling

• Forming of protons and neutrons, and within a few minutes these particles stuck together to form atomic nuclei, mostly hydrogen and helium.
• Electrons stuck to the nuclei to make complete atom
• Gravity caused these atoms to form galaxies.

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Where do planets like earth come from?

Expanding faster

"We will see distant galaxies moving away from us, but their speed is increasing with time, so, if you wait long enough, eventually, a distant galaxy will reach the speed of light. What that means is that even light won't be able to bridge the gap that's being opened between that galaxy and us. There's no way for extraterrestrials on that galaxy to communicate with us, to send any signals that will reach us, once their galaxy is moving faster than light relative to us.„

-Avi Loeb

Evidence of the Big Bang

• By looking at light emitted by distant galaxies, scientists have found that these galaxies are rapidly moving away from our galaxy, the Milky Way. An explosion like the Big Bang, which sent matter flying outward from a point, explains this observation.
• Space microwave

CERN – Mini Big Bang Project

Thank you for your attention!