GRAMATICA
LOS PRONOMBRES / PRONOUNS:
A subject pronoun is a word used to replace the proper name of a subject in a sentence.
Example : Jane is running / she is running
she is the pronoun used in place of "Jane"
Subject pronouns in Spanish.
SINGULARES PLURALES
yo --------- I nosotros/nosotras---------------- we
tú----------- you(informal) vosotros/vosotras----------------you(plural informal)
usted(ud.)-------you(formal) ustedes(uds.)---------------you (plural � informal/formal)
èl--------- he / it(masculine) ellos / ellas------------------they(masculine/feminine)
ella------ She/it(femenine)
*vosotros is only used in Spain.
Write the correct pronoun for each subject:
1. Mr. Garcia____________________
2. Mrs. Nuñez___________________
3. All of us______________________
4. The kids______________________
5. You (adult) ____________________
6. You (child)_____________________
WRITE EACH SENTENCE USING THE APPROPRIATE PRONOUN
1. María es mí amiga.___________________________________________
2. Oscar es mí hermano._________________________________________
3. Marco y yo somos primos.______________________________________
4. Elena y Tomás son mis abuelos._________________________________
5. Anita y Nina son mis tías._______________________________________
EL GENERO DE LOS NOMBRES/ THE GENDER OF NOUNS
In Spanish, every noun has a gender: It is either feminine or masculine. There is no way to know if a �word is masculine or feminine simply by knowing what it means. You must learn the gender of each �noun along with the word for the noun.
GENERAL RULES
1. Most words that end in a are feminine. Most words that end in o are masculine.
Write F next to each feminine noun and M next to each masculine noun.
____________ Silla
____________ Tienda
____________ Cuchara
Exceptions to the rule : día and mapa are masculine, mano is feminine.
Words that end in ción, sión, tad and umbre are almost always feminine.
Examples: libertad, conclusión, televisión, lumbre , universidad , nación, personalidad, conversación
Words that end in a but come from Greek are masculine
Examples: problema, sistema, idioma, tema, clima, programa, poema, telegrama
Write F next to each feminine noun and M next to each masculine noun.
_____ poema _______ lumbre
_____ mapa _______ planeta
_____ nación _______ universidad
LOS NOMBRES PLURALES / PLURAL NOUNS
- If the noun ends with a vowel, add s.
Example: el conejo - los conejos
- If the noun ends with a consonant, add es
Example: el árbol - los árboles
-If the noun ends with z, change it to c and add es.
Example: el lápiz - los lápices
- If the noun ends with es or is, it does not change in the plural.
Example: el lunes- los lunes
WRITE THE NOUNS IN THE PLURAL FORM
árbol ___________________
lombriz __________________
pájaro __________________
castor___________________
tigre____________________
animal__________________
hoja____________________
Luz_____________________
Venado __________________
ARTICULOS/ARTICLES
In Spanish , as English, there are definite and indefinite articles.
In Spanish, the article you use depends on the gender of the noun that follow it.
DEFINITE ARTICLES: Equivalent to English "the"
Use when you are talking about a specific noun or group of nouns.
el (masculine, singular)
la (feminine, singular)
los (masculine, plural)
las (feminine, plural)
INDEFINITE ARTICLE: Equivalent to English "a", "an", "some"
Use when you are not talking about a specific noun or group of nouns.
un (masculine, singular)
una (feminine, singular)
unos (masculine, plural)
unas (feminine, plural)
WRITE THE APPROPRIATE DEFINITE OR INDEFINITE ARTICLE FOR �EACH NOUN
_________ SILLAS _________ VASO
_________ SALERO _________ CUCHARA
_________ TAZA __________ COCINA
_________ COMIDA ___________ SERVILLETAS
_________ MESA ___________ PLATO
_________ TAZAS ___________ COMEDOR
_________ CUCHILLOS ___________ MANTEL
_________ TENEDOR ___________ PLATILLOS
_________PIMENTERO ___________TAZON
In Spanish, adjectives must agree in �gender and number with the nouns they �modify.
GENERAL RULES
Adjectives that end in o drop the final �o and add an a after a feminine noun.
Example: El niño mexicano
La niña mexicana
Adjectives that end in e or a �consonant do not change after a �feminine noun.
Example: El niño inteligente
La niña inteligente
EXCEPTIONS
Adjectives of nationality that end in a �consonant add an a in the feminine form.
Examples: El hombre ingles
La mujer inglesa
2. Adjectives that end in án, ón, ín or or add an a to make the feminine form.
Examples: El estudiante trabajador
La estudiante trabajadora
PLURAL ADJECTIVES
The plural adjectives follow the same �rules as plural nouns:
1. If the adjective ends with a vowel, �add s.
2. If the adjectives ends with a consonant, add es.
3. If the adjective ends with z, change it to c and add es.
NOUNS OF DIFFERENT �GENDERS
When referring to two or more �nouns of different genders, always �use the masculine form.
Example:
La niña mexicana + El niño mexicano =
Los niños mexicanos
ADJECTIVES THAT DESCRIBES �QUANTITY
In Spanish, most adjectives come after �the noun.
Examples: El gato negro
La vaca gigante
Some adjectives that describe number �or quantity come before the noun.
Examples: Una página.
Muchos libros
LA POSESION / POSSESSION
There are several ways to show possession in Spanish. One way is to use �possessive adjectives, like "my " and "your" in English.
mi ------------------ my nuestro/ a -------------- our
tu ------------------ your vuestro/ a ------------- your (pl)
su ------------------ his / her / its / your (form.) su --------- their / your (pl.)
Only nuestro and vuestro change when modifying a feminine noun. The others remain the same. All of these adjectives add an s when modifying a plural noun.
To describe ownership expressed with "s" in English, use the construction:
[object] + de + [subject].
Examples: My book ------------------------- mi libro
John' s book ------------------ el libro de John
ESCRIBA LAS FRASES EN ESPAÑOL
1. Our table ________________________________________________
2. My dog _________________________________________________
3. Their glasses _____________________________________________
4. Your (fam.) pen ____________________________________________
5. The teacher's ruler __________________________________________
6. Guadalupe's pencil __________________________________________
7. Luisa's books _______________________________________________
8. The boy's chair ______________________________________________
9. Marc's house _______________________________________________
10. Her plate __________________________________________________
Use the contraction " del " in place of de + el.
Example: la mano del niño.
Alberto Josefina Ricardo María
Felipe Pablo Margarita
Carlos Inès
Sofia Beatriz Rubèn
Isabel
ARBOL GENEALOGICO / THE FAMILY TREE
ESCRIBA LOS ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS CORRECTOS EN LOS ESPACIOS
Me llamo Sofía. Yo tengo dos hermanos. _____ hermana se llama Beatriz y ____ �hermano se llama Ruben.
_______ padres se llaman Pablo y Margarita. Los padres de _______ padre se llaman �Alberto y Josefina. Ellos son _________ abuelos.
_______________ padre tiene un hermano. ______ hermano se llama Felipe. El es �______ tio. Felipe no es casado.
______ madre tiene tambièn un hermano. ______ hermano se llama Carlos. _____ tio �Carlos es casado. ____ esposa es _____ tía. Ella se llama Inès. Carlos e Inès tienen una �hija se llama Isabel.
Isabel es _____ prima. Los abuelos de Isabel son tambièn _____ abuelos y los padres de �___ madre. Ellos se llaman Ricardo y Maria.