Presentation �on�“ONE SUN ONE WORLD ONE GRID”

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DIPSUNDAR MONDAL

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OSOWOG: INTRODUCTION

• The Indian government has floated the idea of a global renewable energy grid, called “One sun, one world, one grid” (OSOWOG). India’s imagination is driven by a rather poetically phrased official mantra that “the sun never sets”.

In first assembly of the International Solar Alliance (ISA), in October 2018, Prime Minister Narendra Modi floated the idea of the OSOWOG initiative. The UK and India decided to merge the UK’s Green Grids Initiative (GGI) and ISA’s OSOWOG into GGI-OSOWOG as part of the UK-India Virtual Summit earlier this year. The ISA is an inter-governmental organization formed by India and France, comprising 101 members, to accelerate the global adoption of solar power. As many as 83 ISA member countries have endorsed the One Sun initiative. The ISA and the World Bank are also helping in executing the project.

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• SIGNIFICANCE:
• The move is critical for the global future of renewable energy systems, as integrated regional and international green grids can facilitate the pooling and balancing of renewable energy across international border .
• The OSOWOG will bring together a global coalition of governments, international financial and technical organization, power system operators and knowledge leaders to accelerate the construction of the new infrastructure needed for a world powered by clean energy .
• Resulting economic benefits would positively impact poverty alleviation and support in mitigating water, sanitation, food and other socio-economic challenges.
• It will not only reduce storage needs but also enhance the viability of solar projects
• It will allow national renewable energy management centres in India to grow as regional and global management centres.
• This creative initiative will not only reduce carbon footprints and energy cost but also open a new avenue for cooperation between different countries and regions..

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PROPOSALS: THE OSOWOG WOULD HAVE THREE PHASES

SOLAR POWER

• There are three major technologies that are successful in solar power plants. These are as mentioned below:

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1. Concentrated Solar Power Plants: These solar power plants use lenses, mirrors and tracking systems to focus on a large area of sunlight into a small beam. This focused light is used to run conventional steam turbines or power generating engines.

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• Thermal Solar Power Plants: This is basically a heat dependent solar technology that was used in solar power plants. In this technology, the sun rays are focused to a point by using solar collectors so that appropriate high temperature can be obtain to generate electricity.

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• Photovoltaic Generation Technology: The main components of a PV power plant are a transformer, a DC/AC inverter, a charge regulator, and PV modules (see following figure). Although PV plants do not traditionally have an energy storage system as part of their basic design, some utilities have begun incorporating battery energy storage into PV plant design to support the generation output.

SOLAR PV PLANT MAIN COMPONENTS

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PV MODULES

CHARGE REGULATOR

GRID

DC/AC INVERTER

TRANSFORMER

BATTERY

�ECONOMICAL ASPECT�

• Signing of agreement between ISA, The World Bank and MNRE. The blueprint for the OSOWOG will be developed under the World Bank’s technical assistance program that is implemented to accelerate the deployment of grid connected rooftop solar installations.
• Intercontinental grids: A step towards OSOWOG
• SUPRABHA (The Sustainable Partnership for Rooftop Solar Acceleration in Bharat) is a USD 13 million program which is led by the State Bank of India (SBI) and the World Bank and implemented in partnership with the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). It orders technical assistance to 17 partner states allocated by the MNRE towards establishing an enabling ecosystem for accelerated deployment of grid connected rooftop solar.

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• The solar cost already declined at Rs. 2.36 / unit in India and so are the cost trends for utility-scale lithium-ion batteries. Up scaling subsidized prices even with higher financing costs for DSG, the PPA prices through the competitive bid process shall be in the range of Rs. 3.0–3.5/kWh for about 13% of PV energy stored in the battery in the years 2021–2022.

• The tariff adder for a co-located battery system storing 25% of PV energy at each 33 / 11 KV S/S is estimated to be Rs. 1.25 / kWh in 2020, Rs. 1.0/kWh in 2022, and Rs. 0.70 /kWh in 2030. A co-located plant with PV, the storage capital cost would be lower, this implies that the total prices (PV system plus battery storing 25% of PV energy) are Rs. 3.75 /kWh in 2020, Rs. 3.32/kWh in 2025, and Rs. 2.83/kWh in 2030.
• SECI and NTPC played a key role in building international investor interest, according to the report titled ‘Developers and Global Investors Snap Up India’s Solar Power Tenders - Decoding Tariffs vs Returns for Solar Projects in India’.

The global review suggests that the economic benefits of such cross-border transmission lines are truly maximised when they are constructed within a political union formed around common objectives, such as the EU or Scandinavia, etc.

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• Present Day Energy:
• Coal supply by Coal India Ltd is restricted to around 65% of actual coal requirement by coal-based thermal plants, leading to increased dependence on imported coal.
• As per the estimates of Planning Commission, to ensure a sustained 8% growth of the economy, by 2031-32 India needs to increase its primary energy supply by three to four times and its electricity generation by five to six times of the 2003-04 levels.

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ELECTRICAL GRID

• Types of Solar Power Grid:

Basically, solar power plants are mainly available in three different types.

• Off Grid Solar Power Plant:

Off grid solar power plant is a system with battery bank. This type of power plant store unconsumed power in batteries, provided with the solar system. The addition of solar inverter allows this system to convert DC electrical current coming from the batteries into AC (alternating current).

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• On Grid Solar Power Plant:

On grid systems are solar PV system that only generate power when the utility power grid is available. They must connect to the grid to perform its function. This type of solar system will automatically send excess power to the grid when solar panels are overproducing.

• Hybrid Solar Power Plant:

Hybrid solar system or power plant is a combination of both above said solar system. We can say that, on grid solar system + off grid solar system = hybrid solar system.

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WHERE WE ARE

• In recent years, India has leveraged forums like the G20 and the UNFCCC to collaborate with major powers in new areas of growth and in bringing about global reforms.  
• Power grid capabilities: Renewable, especially solar, can be a threat to the traditional energy sector when they reach cheap storage. but it will be at the local level, like on the rooftops of domestic and industrial /institutional/commercial buildings in the next decade.
• Solar power by country: Many countries and territories have installed significant solar power capacity into their electrical grids to supplement or provide an alternative to conventional energy sources.
• India: A country with one of the fastest-growing solar industries, India’s solar installed capacity reached 57 GW in June 2022 and by the end of 2022 it will be around 76 GW and the country became the lowest cost producer of solar power in the world. The government had an initial target of 20 GW capacity for 2022, which was achieved four years ahead of schedule in 2018.
• Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan are the four states accounted for 75 percent of India’s utility-scale solar installations in 2017.

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CHALLENGES

�SOLUTIONS�

• For interconnection , under water cable maybe an option .
• Besides there is a recent technological advancement by which we can actually connect different grid via satellite .
• There is a special class of generators known as electronic variable speed gensets in which varying the speed of the engine changes the speed of the alternator to automatically produce an output of variable frequency. A frequency inverter is then used to rectify the varying generator output to match the required output frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz.

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• ACHIEVEMENTS:

Cochin International Airport:  

a. In 2015, Cochin Airport became World’s first Solar Powered Airport. It started with 400 Solar Panels, but right now they have more than 46000 Solar Panels.

1. Cochin airport's solar power plant is producing 50,000 to 60,000 units of electricity per day to be consumed for all its operational functions, which technically make the airport ‘ absolutely power neutral ‘.
2. India’s One nation One grid . POSOCO will route electricity from supply sources to consumption point with help of RLDC. It has 33 SLDCs , 5 RLDCs and one NLDC(National Load dispatch Centre) .

ADVANTAGES�

• Creation of broader Solar alliance
• Network of transmission lines
• Economic boost
• Cost effective
• International leadership
• Climate Mitigation
• Reduce load on petroleum sector
• Counter One belt One Road
• Bridging Current Account Deficit
• Productivity by Location
• Reducing air pollution
• Water conservation
• Reducing our reliance on fossil fuels
• Help to slow climate change

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ONE SUN ONE WORLD ONE GRID: CONCLUSION

OSOWOG appears to be a vivid notion in the quest for sustainable development. Ongoing climate changes due to unsustainable consumption can be crumbled up by producing and exporting renewable solar energy for a sustainable future. Hence, OSOWOG can come up as a huge revenue generation and environment-friendly project.

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THANK YOU