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Is there an “I” in Team? 

Gender and Ethnic Differences in Teamwork Behaviors

Cade Creason, Isabella Gasparyan, Sofia Paoletto

Department of Psychology

California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

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Increasing Diversity

United States Census

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The chance that two people chosen at random will be from different racial or ethnic groups has increased to 

61.1% in 2020 from 54.9% in 2010.

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Why Study Teamwork?

Improve efficiency and productivity.

Cultivates communication and strong relationships.

Benefits from differing perspectives and feedback.

If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together.

Mutual understanding and trust to collaborate with positivity and respect.

Contributions of everyone are more valued when solicited in team settings.

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Two Types of Cultures

Independence

Interdependence

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Markus & Kitayama, 1991; Markus & Conner, 2014

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Split by Two Types of Teamwork Behaviors

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Influencing

Debate with others

Convince others’ you're right

Try to influence others

Assert your own ideas/opinions

Listen to others’ ideas/opinions

Adjust to others

Take others’ suggestions

Affirm others' view

Adjusting

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�Hypotheses�

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People who are more independent will have the highest perception of teamwork success and those who are more interdependent will have the lowest perception of teamwork success.

Teamwork Behaviors

People who identify as more independent will be most likely to use influencing behaviors.

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Participants

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Sample

Size

POC Participants

Mean Age of Participants

Female Participants

= 611

40%

20 years

37%

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Methods

Survey

Students answered questions about prior team experiences, teamwork strategies (adjusting vs. influencing), perceived success in teams, and demographic questions.

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Results

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People who identify as more independent will be most likely to use influencing behaviors.

Cultural group X Gender interaction

Markus & Conner, 2014; Flanagin, 2002 

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Results

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People who identify as more independent will have the highest perception of teamwork success and those who identify as more interdependent will have the lowest perception of teamwork success.

Cultural group X Gender interaction

Markus & Conner, 2014; Flanagin, 2002

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Discussion 

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How do we address this problem?

Men and white people are likely to have more individual success using influencing behaviors because in America this is culturally prevalent

Women of color are least likely to use influencing behaviors and experience lower perceptions of teamwork success

People from interdependent cultures will be less likely to use influencing behaviors in teamwork than those from independent cultures

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Potential Solutions

Our research aim is to help uncover how culture shapes our individual and group teamwork behaviors to create diverse, equitable, and inclusive cultures to enhance teamwork success for all. 

Future Directions

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Equity and Inclusion

Increase Adjusting Behavior

Awareness of Behaviors

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Conclusion

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Our results provide foundational support for creating more culturally inclusive and diverse teamwork environments that could greatly contribute to the

success of individuals from all cultural backgrounds. 

There is an “I” in team in the United States’ culture.

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