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@ataylorme • bit.ly/ataylorme-behat-testing-slides

Testing Business Critical Features With Behat

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Hi, I'm Andrew

Developer Programs Engineer at Pantheon.

  • ataylorme on GitHub and Twitter
  • Some things I enjoy away from the computer
    • Time with friends and family
    • Running and weight training
    • Hiking, off roading and camping
    • Traveling and good food

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Maintainer of Websites

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Changes Happen Frequently

Client Requests

Security Updates

Bug Fixes

New Features

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Who Does QA On A

Staging Environment?

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Typical Staging Environment Workflow

New Feature

Dependency Updates

Bug Fix

QA on Staging

Deploy To Production

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Acceptance Testing

Also called Integration Testing. Testing the entire application to ensure the defined business requirements are met in an acceptable way.

Acceptance Testing

Unit Testing

Integration Testing

System Testing

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Checking Everything

Is Time Consuming

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Doing It For Every�Change Is Boring

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Sometimes QA�Doesn't Go Well

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Find (And Fix)

The Issues

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Probably Out Of Time

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There's Got To Be

A Better Way

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Can We Test More Often Without Doing More Work?

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Make The Robots �Do The Work

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Automated Testing

Feature: Visibility of the homepage

In order to have confidence that my site is accessible

As a site administrator

I want to verify I can visit the homepage�� Scenario: Verify the homepage� When I am on the homepage� Then the response status code should be 200�

1 scenario (1 passed)�2 steps (2 passed)�0m0.13s (4.16Mb)

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So Many Testing�Tools, Why Behat?

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Battle Tested

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Established Community

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Robust Ecosystem

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Laravel

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Symfony

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Drupal

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WordPress

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Behat API Extension

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Browserstack

Extension

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Human Readable Tests

@no_auth @privacy

Feature: Visibility of the privacy policy

In order to be in compliance with privacy laws

As a site administrator

I want to verify the privacy policy

​

Scenario: Verify the privacy policy is accessible from the homepage

When I am on the homepage

And I follow "Privacy Policy"

Then the response status code should be 200

And I should see "This website is the personal, non-commercial website of Andrew Taylor."

And I should see "Contact forms"

And I should see "Cookies"

And I should see "Comments"

And I should see "User accounts"

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Backed By PHP

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Run Tests Locally

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Integrate With Version Control

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Test On Pull Requests

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Always

Be

Testing

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There Is A Lot To Learn

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Why Are Tests Written In Gherkin?

@javascript

Feature: Visibility of the latest posts

In order to have confidence that published articles show up

As a content author

I want to see the latest post on the home page

​

Background:

Given there are users:

| user_login | user_pass | user_email | role |

| test_author | test | test@example.com | author |

And there are posts:

| post_title | post_content | post_status | post_author |

| Author article | The content of my author article | publish | test_author |

And the Pantheon cache has been cleared

​

Scenario: Verify new post on the front-end and in the admin

Given I am an anonymous user

When I go to "/blog"

Then I should not be logged in

And I should see "Not an Author article"

The text "Author article" was not found anywhere in the text of the current page. (Behat\Mink\Exception\ResponseTextException)

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Most importantly, the stories are the result of conversations between the project stakeholders, business analysts, testers and developers. BDD is as much about the interactions between the various people in the project as it is about the outputs of the development process.

Behavior Driven Development (BDD)

Dan North

https://dannorth.net/whats-in-a-story/

BDD is all about communication

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We need a

privacy policy

Feature: Visibility of the privacy policy

​

Scenario: Verify the privacy policy exists

When I am on "/privacy"

Then the response status code should be 200

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Why do we need a

privacy policy?

It is a legal requirement and will help avoid potential litigation

@no_auth @privacy

Feature: Visibility of the privacy policy

In order to be in compliance with privacy laws

As a site administrator

I want to verify the privacy policy

​

Scenario: Verify the privacy policy is accessible from the homepage

When I am on the homepage

And I follow "Privacy Policy"

Then the response status code should be 200

And I should see "This website is the personal, non-commercial website of Andrew Taylor."

And I should see "Contact forms"

And I should see "Cookies"

And I should see "Comments"

And I should see "User accounts"

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Ogres Have Layers �Behat Has Layers

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Behat is the foundation

Behat

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Example ls test

Feature: ls� In order to see the directory structure� As a UNIX user� I need to be able to list the current directory's contents�� Scenario: List 2 files in a directory� Given I am in a directory "test"� And I have a file named "foo"� And I have a file named "bar"� When I run "ls"� Then I should get:� """� bar� foo� """

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Backed by PHP

# features/bootstrap/FeatureContext.php

<?php

class FeatureContext extends BehatContext

{

/**

* @Given /^I am in a directory "([^"]*)"$/

*/

public function iAmInADirectory($dir)

{

if ( !file_exists($dir) ) {

mkdir($dir);

}

chdir($dir);

}

}

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Mink Focuses

On The Web

Behat

Mink

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A browser is the window through which web users interact with web applications and other users.

So, in order to test that our web application behaves correctly, we need a way to simulate this interaction between the browser and the web application in our tests.

Mink

Mink

http://mink.behat.org/en/latest/

An open source browser controller written in PHP

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Selenium2 Driver

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Headless Chrome Driver

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Check a radio button

/**

* @When /^I check the "([^"]*)" radio button$/

*/

public function iCheckTheRadioButton($labelText)

{

$page = $this->getSession()->getPage();

$radioButton = $page->find('named', ['radio', $labelText]);

if ($radioButton) {

$select = $radioButton->getAttribute('name');

$option = $radioButton->getAttribute('value');

$page->selectFieldOption($select, $option);

return;

}

​

throw new \Exception(

"Radio button with label {$labelText} not found"

);

}

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Framework extensions �add focus

Behat

Mink

Framework Extension

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Remember WordHat?

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General Mink

When I to go "/login.php"��And I fill in

"user_login" with "admin"

​

And I fill in

"user_pass" with "admin"

​

And I press "submit"

WordHat

Given I am logged in as an administrator

​

VS

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Framework Focused

Feature: Managing themes

As an administrator I should be able to switch themes

Background:

Given I am logged in as an administrator

Scenario: Activate a theme

When I switch the theme to "twentynineteen"

And I am on the dashboard

Then I should see "Twenty Nineteen" in the "#wp-version a" element

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Let's Do This

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Download Dependencies

composer require --dev \

behat/behat \

behat/mink-extension \

behat/mink-goutte-driver \

behat/mink-selenium2-driver

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Initialize Behat

./vendor/bin/behat --init

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Create behat.yml

default:

suites:

default:

contexts:

- FeatureContext

- Behat\MinkExtension\Context\MinkContext

​

extensions:

Behat\MinkExtension:

base_url: https://ataylorme-wordpress.lndo.site

goutte: ~

selenium2: ~

sessions:

default:

goutte:

guzzle_parameters:

verify: false # Allow self-signed SSL certificates

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List Available Steps

./vendor/bin/behat -dl

default | Given /^(?:|I )am on (?:|the )homepage$/

default | When /^(?:|I )go to (?:|the )homepage$/

default | Given /^(?:|I )am on "(?P<page>[^"]+)"$/

default | When /^(?:|I )go to "(?P<page>[^"]+)"$/

default | When /^(?:|I )reload the page$/

default | When /^(?:|I )move backward one page$/

default | When /^(?:|I )move forward one page$/

default | Then /^the response status code should be (?P<code>\d+)$/

...

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Write a feature file

./features/visit-homepage.feature

@no_auth

Feature: Visibility of the homepage

In order to have confidence that my site is accessible

As a site administrator

I want to verify I can visit the homepage

​

Scenario: Verify the homepage

When I am on the homepage

Then the response status code should be 200

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Run Behat

./vendor/bin/behat --strict --colors \

--format-settings='{"paths": false}'

Feature: Visibility of the homepage

In order to have confidence that my site is accessible

As a site administrator

I want to verify I can visit the homepage�� Scenario: Verify the homepage� When I am on the homepage� Then the response status code should be 200�

1 scenario (1 passed)�2 steps (2 passed)�0m0.08s (11.12Mb)

​

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Add WordHat

composer require paulgibbs/behat-wordpress-extension:^3

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Update behat.yml

default:

suites:

default:

contexts:

- PaulGibbs\WordpressBehatExtension\Context\WordpressContext

- FeatureContext

- Behat\MinkExtension\Context\MinkContext

- PaulGibbs\WordpressBehatExtension\Context\ContentContext

- PaulGibbs\WordpressBehatExtension\Context\DashboardContext

- PaulGibbs\WordpressBehatExtension\Context\SiteContext

- PaulGibbs\WordpressBehatExtension\Context\UserContext

- PaulGibbs\WordpressBehatExtension\Context\EditPostContext

- PaulGibbs\WordpressBehatExtension\Context\WidgetContext

- PaulGibbs\WordpressBehatExtension\Context\ToolbarContext

​

extensions:

Behat\MinkExtension:

base_url: https://ataylorme-wordpress.lndo.site

browser_name: chrome

default_session: default

javascript_session: selenium2

sessions:

default:

goutte:

guzzle_parameters:

verify: false # Allow self-signed SSL certificates

selenium2:

selenium2: ~

​

PaulGibbs\WordpressBehatExtension:

default_driver: wpcli

path: /Users/andrewtaylor/Development/ataylorme-wordpress/web/wp

site_url: https://ataylorme-wordpress.lndo.site/wp/

users:

-

roles:

- administrator

username: admin

password: admin

database:

restore_after_test: false

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@ataylorme • Slides: bit.ly/ataylorme-behat-testing-slides

extensions:

Behat\MinkExtension:

base_url: https://ataylorme-wordpress.lndo.site

browser_name: chrome

default_session: default

javascript_session: selenium2

sessions:

default:

goutte:

guzzle_parameters:

verify: false # Allow self-signed SSL certificates

selenium2:

selenium2: ~

​

PaulGibbs\WordpressBehatExtension:

default_driver: wpcli

path: /Users/andrewtaylor/Development/ataylorme-wordpress/web/wp

site_url: https://ataylorme-wordpress.lndo.site/wp/

users:

-

roles:

- administrator

username: admin

password: admin

database:

restore_after_test: false

Site front-end URL

Path to WordPress and

Back-end URL

Admin username and password

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List Available Steps

./vendor/bin/behat -dl

default | When I activate the :name plugin

default | When I deactivate the :name plugin

default | When I switch the theme to :name

default | Given /^(?:there are|there is a) users?:/

default | Given /^(?:I am|they are) an anonymous user/

default | Given /^(?:I am|they are) logged in as an? (.+)$/

default | Given /^I am on the edit screen for "(?P<title>[^"]*)"$/

default | When /^I change the title to "(?P<title>[^"]*)"$/

default | When /^I publish the (post|changes?)$/

...

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Write a WordPress enabled feature file

./features/blogname.feature

@auth

Feature: Change blogname

As a maintainer of the site

I want to be able to change basic settings

So that I have control over my site

​

Scenario: Saving blogname

Given I am logged in as an administrator

Given I am on the dashboard

When I go to the "Settings > General" menu

And I fill in "blogname" with "Testing with Behat Rocks!"

And I press "submit"

Then I should see "Settings saved."

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Run Behat

./vendor/bin/behat --strict --colors \

--format-settings='{"paths": false}'

@auth

Feature: Change blogname

As a maintainer of the site

I want to be able to change basic settings

So that I have control over my site

​

Scenario: Saving blogname

Given I am logged in as an administrator

Given I am on the dashboard

When I go to the "Settings > General" menu

And I fill in "blogname" with "Testing with Behat Rocks!"

And I press "submit"

Then I should see "Settings saved."

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Simple Behat Example Repository

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What Do We Do With This?

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Avoid 3 AM Phone Calls

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Privacy Policy Example

As seen on my personal site https://ataylor.me/privacy-policy

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Write a Test With Built-In Steps

./features/privacy-policy.feature

@no_auth @privacy

Feature: Visibility of the privacy policy

In order to be in compliance with privacy laws

As a site administrator

I want to verify the privacy policy

​

Scenario: Verify the privacy policy is accessible from the homepage

When I am on the homepage

And I follow "Privacy Policy"

Then the response status code should be 200

And I should see "This website is the personal, non-commercial website of Andrew Taylor."

And I should see "Contact forms"

And I should see "Cookies"

And I should see "Comments"

And I should see "User accounts"

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Contact Form Example

As seen on my personal site https://ataylor.me/contact

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  • Fill out first name
  • Fill out last name
  • Fill out email
  • Fill out the comment/message
  • Submit the form
  • Verify the form submission

Contact Form QA Process

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Testing Manually Is Tedious

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Write a Test From The Manual QA Steps

  • Visit the contact page �without being logged in
  • Fill out first name, last name, �email and message
  • Submit the form
  • Verify the confirmation message

Background:

Given I am on the contact page

Given I am an anonymous user

Scenario: Confirm contact form submissions

When I set the contact form first name to "Andrew"

And I set the contact form last name to "Taylor"

And I set the contact form email to "andrew@pantheon.io"

And I set the contact form message to "Testing the contact form with Behat!"

When I submit the contact form

Then I should see "Thanks for reaching out! I will be in touch with you shortly."

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Behat Isn't Magic

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We Need To Do�Some Work

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Generic Mink

When I fill in

"wpforms-117-field_0" with "Andrew"

​

And I fill in

"wpforms-117-field_0-last" with "Taylor"

​

And I fill in "wpforms-117-field_1"

with "andrew@pantheon.io"

Custom Definitions

When I set the contact form first name to "Andrew"

​

And I set the contact form last name to "Taylor"

​

And I set the contact form email to "andrew@pantheon.io"

VS

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Contexts

Contexts are PHP Objects to encapsulate a set of functionality

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

​

namespace ataylorme\WordHatHelpers\Contexts;

​

use ataylorme\WordHatHelpers\Contexts\RawWPContext;

use PaulGibbs\WordpressBehatExtension\Context\Traits\UserAwareContextTrait;

use PaulGibbs\WordpressBehatExtension\PageObject\LoginPage;

use Behat\Mink\Exception\ExpectationException;

use RuntimeException;

use FailAid\Context\FailureContext;

​

/**

* Define WordPress specific features from the specific context.

*/

class WordPressContext extends RawWPContext�{� use UserAwareContextTrait;

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Step Definitions

Step definitions are methods of the context classes

/**

* Sets the contact form first name field

* Example: When I set the contact form first name to "Andrew"

*

* @When I set the contact form first name to :first_name

*

* @param string $first_name

*/

public function fillContactFormFirstNameField(string $first_name)

{

$this->getSession()->getPage()->fillField('wpforms-117-field_0', $first_name);

}

​

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RawContexts

Contexts are meant to be extended. To avoid having steps defined multiple times keep helpers in their own Context and extend it to create other contexts

/**

* Log into WordPress as an admin

*

* @throws \RuntimeException

*

* @return void

*/

protected function loginAsWordPressAdmin()

{

// Get the admin user

$found_user = $this->getAdminUser();

// Stash the current URL to redirect to

$previous_url = $this->getSession()->getCurrentUrl();

$this->logIn(

$found_user['username'],

$found_user['password'],

$previous_url

);

FailureContext::addState('source_url', $previous_url);

FailureContext::addState('username', $found_user['username']);

}

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Human

Readable�Gherkin

@javascript @contact @no_auth

Feature: Verify the contact form

As the site owner who likes to hear from users

I want the contact form to submit properly

Background:

Given I am on the contact page

Given I am an anonymous user

Scenario: Confirm contact form submissions

When I set the contact form first name to "Andrew"

And I set the contact form last name to "Taylor"

And I set the contact form email to "andrew@pantheon.io"

And I set the contact form message to "Testing the contact form with Behat!"

When I submit the contact form

Then I should see "Thanks for reaching out! I will be in touch with you shortly."

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Backed by PHP

/**

* Submit the contact form

* Example: When I submit the contact form

*

* @When I submit the contact form

*/

public function submitContactForm()

{

$session = $this->getSession();

$page = $session->getPage();

$page->pressButton('wpforms-submit-117');

// Looks for the '#wpforms-confirmation-117' element, giving up after 5 seconds.

$session->wait( 5000, "document.getElementById('wpforms-confirmation-117')" );

}

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Look Under The Hood

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Mink Source Code

https://github.com/Behat/MinkExtension/blob/master/src/Behat/MinkExtension/Context/MinkContext.php

/**

* Fills in form field with specified id|name|label|value

* Example: When I fill in "username" with: "bwayne"

* Example: And I fill in "bwayne" for "username"

* @When /^(?:|I )fill in "(?P<field>(?:[^"]|\\")*)" with "(?P<value>(?:[^"]|\\")*)"$/

* @When /^(?:|I )fill in "(?P<field>(?:[^"]|\\")*)" with:$/

* @When /^(?:|I )fill in "(?P<value>(?:[^"]|\\")*)" for "(?P<field>(?:[^"]|\\")*)"$/

*/

public function fillField($field, $value)

{

$field = $this->fixStepArgument($field);

$value = $this->fixStepArgument($value);

$this->getSession()->getPage()->fillField($field, $value);

}

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Modify To Fit �Your Needs

/**

* Sets the contact form last name field

* Example: I set the contact form last name to "Taylor"

*

* @When I set the contact form last name to "Taylor"

*

* @param string $last_name

*/

public function fillGiveLastNameField(string $last_name)

{

$this->getSession()->getPage()->fillField(

'wpforms-117-field_0', $last_name

);

}

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WordHat �Source Code

https://github.com/paulgibbs/behat-wordpress-extension/blob/master/src/Context/EditPostContext.php

public function getContentFromTitle(string $title, string $post_type = ''): array

{

$post = $this->getDriver()->content->get(

$title, ['by' => 'title', 'post_type' => $post_type]

);

return array(

'id' => (int) $post->ID,

'slug' => $post->post_name,

'url' => $post->url,

);

}

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Modify To Fit �Your Needs

/**

* Go to a specific post by ID

* Example: Given I am viewing the post with an ID of 1234

* @Given I am viewing the post with an ID of :post_id

* @param string $post_id

* @throws \UnexpectedValueException

*/

public function iAmViewingPostID($post_id)

{

$post = $this->getDriver()->content->get(

$post_id, ['by' => 'ID']

);

$this->visitPath($post->url);

}

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Iterate Until Tests Are Complete

@javascript @contact @no_auth

Feature: Verify the contact form

As the site owner who likes to hear from users

I want the contact form to submit properly

​

Background:

Given I am on the contact page

Given I am an anonymous user

Scenario: Confirm contact form submissions

When I set the contact form first name to "Andrew"

And I set the contact form last name to "Taylor"

And I set the contact form email to "andrew@pantheon.io"

And I set the contact form message to "Testing the contact form with Behat!"

When I submit the contact form

Then I should see "Thanks for reaching out! I will be in touch with you shortly."

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Test Locally

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Test On Pull Requests

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Benefits of Adopting Automation

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Reduced Overhead

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Consistency

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Risk Mitigation

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Confidence

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Automation is �a State of Mind

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Resources

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Simple Behat Example Repo

​

}

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ataylor.me Repository

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Resource Links

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Framework Extensions

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Questions?�Slides: bit.ly/ataylorme-behat-testing-slides�@ataylorme

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