English 7: Writing Process - Revising, Editing, and Publishing
Content Standards and Learning Competencies
Content Standards
The learners demonstrate their expanding knowledge of vocabulary and grammatical structures, literal and inferential comprehension of literary and informational texts, and composing and creating processes; and apply their receptive and productive skills in order to produce culture-specific texts based on their purpose, context, and target audience.
Performance Standards
The learners apply literal and inferential comprehension of literary and informational texts and produce culture-specific narrative and expository texts (recount) based on their purpose, context (national holidays), and target audience using simple, compound, and complex sentences, and age-appropriate and gender-sensitive language.
Learning Competencies
EN7TRAN-IV-7 Revise for coherence and cohesion.
EN7TRAN-IV-8: Edit for consistency of diction, style, tone and register, point of view, and grammar.
EN7TRAN-IV-9: Send correspondences to communicate with and respond to senders within the bounds of ethics.
Learning Objectives
Revising
Revise the drafted letter for clarity of meaning and purpose.
Editing
Edit the grammar, word choice, and writing mechanics of the letter of request.
Publishing
Send the letter of request to the intended reader or publish it in printed or digital multimodal platforms.
These objectives guide students through the final stages of the writing process, ensuring their letters effectively communicate their intended message.
Activating Prior Knowledge
Prewriting
Question: What is the purpose of prewriting in the writing process?
Answer: Prewriting helps writers generate ideas, organize their thoughts, and create a plan before drafting their writing.
Strategies include: Brainstorming (listing ideas quickly), Freewriting (writing continuously without filtering), and Outlining (creating a structured plan).
Drafting
Question: Why is the drafting stage important?
Answer: The drafting stage allows writers to put their ideas into sentences and paragraphs, forming the first version of their work.
Revising
Question: What is the difference between revising and editing?
Answer: Revising focuses on improving the content, structure, and clarity of writing, while editing focuses on correcting grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors.
Editing
Question: What should a writer check during the editing stage?
Answer: A writer should check for spelling mistakes, punctuation errors, sentence structure, and grammar issues.
Lesson Purpose: Revising a Drafted Letter
Identify Areas for Improvement
Identify areas in a drafted letter that need improvement in terms of clarity, coherence, and organization.
Apply Revision Techniques
Apply revision techniques to enhance meaning, structure, and effectiveness of their letter.
Ensure Clear Communication
Ensure that the letter communicates the intended message clearly to the target reader.
Use Appropriate Language
Use appropriate word choice, sentence structure, and tone to strengthen their writing.
Develop Self-Editing Habits
Develop a habit of self-editing and peer review to refine their work before final submission.
Key Vocabulary for Revision
Process Terms
Revision
The process of reviewing and improving a piece of writing by making changes to its content, structure, and clarity.
Clarity
The quality of being easily understood; making ideas and messages clear and precise in writing.
Coherence
The logical flow of ideas in writing that makes it easy to follow and understand.
Conciseness
Using only necessary words to express ideas clearly and effectively without unnecessary repetition.
Organization
The structured arrangement of ideas in a logical and orderly manner within a letter.
Tone
The attitude or feeling conveyed in writing, such as formal, polite, persuasive, or urgent.
Sentence Structure
The way words are arranged in a sentence to create meaning; varies in length and complexity.
Grammar
The set of language rules governing word usage, sentence formation, and punctuation.
Word Choice (Diction)
Selecting the right words to effectively express meaning and suit the purpose of the letter.
Audience Awareness
Understanding the needs, expectations, and background of the target reader to communicate effectively.
What is Revision?
Definition
Revision is the process of reviewing and improving a written draft to ensure it is well-structured, coherent, and easy to understand. It involves rearranging, adding, or deleting words and sentences to enhance clarity and meaning.
Importance
Revising is a vital step in the writing process as it ensures that the final product is clear, coherent, error-free, and effectively communicates the intended message to the audience. It is a crucial aspect of producing high-quality and impactful written content.
Key Benefits
It helps in eliminating ambiguity and ensuring that the intended message is communicated clearly to the target readers.
Through the revision process, writers can organize their thoughts more coherently. It involves evaluating the logical flow of ideas, strengthening connections between sentences and paragraphs.
Writers can identify and eliminate redundant or repetitive content.
Key Elements to Check During Revision
1. Clarity
Does the letter express ideas in a simple and understandable way?
2. Organization
Are the ideas presented in a logical order? Is the introduction, body, and conclusion well-structured?
3. Conciseness
Are there unnecessary words or repetitive phrases that can be removed?
4. Tone
Is the tone appropriate for the recipient (formal, polite, persuasive, etc.)?
5. Grammar and Mechanics
Are there any grammar, punctuation, or spelling errors that need to be corrected?
Steps in Revising
Confirm Purpose
Confirm that the purpose of the letter is clearly stated – to request action and propose a solution to the identified environmental concern.
Revise Unclear Content
Revise sentences or paragraphs that may be unclear, and consider seeking feedback from others to ensure clarity.
Check Paragraph Contribution
Make sure that each paragraph in the body contributes to the discussion of the environmental concern and the proposed solution.
Verify Supporting Details
Ensure that supporting details (facts, statistics, examples) are accurate, relevant, and effectively contribute to your argument.
Clarify Call to Action
Ensure that the call to action is clear and specific, indicating the desired response from the recipient.
Understanding Coherence and Cohesion
Coherence
Coherence is concerned with how a writer guides the reader through the argument using logical connectors. It ensures that the ideas in a paragraph flow logically and make sense together.
Example: Last Saturday, my family and I went to the zoo. First, we visited the lions and heard them roar. After that, we went to the monkey enclosure and watched them swing from tree to tree. It was so much fun! Then, we took a break and had a picnic near the elephant exhibit. We laughed and shared our sandwiches. Finally, we strolled through the aquarium and saw colorful fish swimming in the tanks. The day at the zoo was amazing, with each part fitting together like pieces of a puzzle.
In this paragraph, the sentences are organized in a logical sequence, starting with the visit to the lions, moving through different areas of the zoo, and ending with the aquarium. This logical flow creates coherence.
Cohesion
Cohesion refers to the way that texts use grammar and vocabulary to 'stick' ideas together. It involves using words and phrases (cohesive devices) to connect sentences smoothly.
Example: My school day is filled with interesting activities. First, I attend math class, where we solve problems and learn new concepts. Next, during recess, my friends and I play games like soccer and tag. After that, in science class, we conduct experiments and make cool discoveries. Later, during lunch, we chat and share our favorite stories. Finally, in English class, we read exciting books and write creative stories. Overall, my school day is full of fun and learning.
In this paragraph, cohesive devices like "first," "next," "after that," and "finally" help connect the sentences, creating a smooth and organized progression of ideas. Cohesion makes it easier for readers to follow the flow of information in the paragraph.
Coherence Exercise: Logical Flow
Arrange the following events in chronological order to create logical flow. Write 1-5 on the blanks provided.
Step 1
_____D. Fred was swimming on the beach. He saw a woman waving at him.
Step 2
_____E. He thought she was just being friendly.
Step 3
_____C. He saw that she was in trouble. He dived in to save her.
Step 4
_____A. He reached her. She was beginning to drown.
Step 5
_____B. He managed to pull her back to the shore and saved her.
Coherence Exercise: Logical Flow Answer Key
The correct sequence of events is: D-1; E-2; C-3; A-4; B-5
Step 1
Fred was swimming on the beach. He saw a woman waving at him.
Step 2
He thought she was just being friendly.
Step 3
He saw that she was in trouble. He dived in to save her.
Step 4
He reached her. She was beginning to drown.
Step 5
He managed to pull her back to the shore and saved her.
Cohesion Exercise: Signal Words
Signal words create smooth transitions between ideas and help readers follow the logical progression of events.
Beginning the Story
When and At first are signal words that introduce a situation.
Example: Fred was swimming on the beach when he saw a woman waving at him. At first, he thought she was just being friendly.
Indicating Sequence
Then and Immediately show how events progress and connect in time.
Example: Then, he saw that she was in trouble. Immediately he dived in to save her.
Showing Completion
By the time and Finally indicate timing relationships and conclusion.
Example: By the time he reached her, she was beginning to drown. Finally, he managed to pull her back to the shore and saved her.
Peer Critiquing Process
Exchange Drafts
Exchange drafts with other groups for peer critiquing
Read Carefully
Read, pay attention to details in the letter
Provide Feedback
Give comments and suggestions by making annotations
Revise
Work on annotated drafts for revision
Making Generalizations and Abstractions
Synthesis Activity
In a one sheet of paper write something you understand about the lesson we discussed today.
Reflection Questions
What did you learn about the revision process?
How does revising improve the quality of your writing?
What aspects of revision do you find most challenging?
How will you apply these revision strategies to future writing tasks?
Key Takeaways
Revision focuses on improving content, structure, and clarity
Coherence ensures logical flow of ideas
Cohesion creates smooth connections between sentences
Peer feedback provides valuable perspectives
Evaluating Learning: Assessment
This assessment helps students demonstrate their understanding of the revision process and its importance in effective written communication.
Multiple Choice Questions
What is the main purpose of revising a letter?
Which should be the first step in revising?
Which sentence is most clear and concise?
Answer Key Preview
The assessment evaluates understanding of key revision concepts including:
Clarity and organization improvement
Effective revision techniques
Concise writing principles
Revision Application
Students will demonstrate knowledge of:
Identifying unclear writing
Recognizing important revision elements
Problem-solving for awkward sentences
Publishing: Communicating with Purpose
Send to Recipient
Deliver the letter to the intended reader through appropriate channels
Print Publication
Publish in printed format for wider distribution if appropriate
Digital Platforms
Share through email, websites, or social media as appropriate
Ethical Considerations
Communicate within the bounds of ethics and appropriate conduct
Publishing is the final stage of the writing process where the revised and edited letter is sent to the intended recipient or made available to a wider audience. This stage fulfills the purpose of the letter - to communicate effectively and elicit the desired response.