GENERATION OF COMPUTER

SEMESTER:- 2^nd semester

SUBJECT:-COMPUTER APPLICATION

PREPARED BY :- A.P. Mohanty

Dept. of Science & Humanities

Generation of Computers

Based on the characteristics of various computers developed from time to time, they are categorized as generation of computers.

Generation of Computers

First Generation

Second Generation

Third Generation

Fourth Generation

Fifth Generation

First Generation Computers

Time Period : 1945 to 1955

Size : Very Large System

Technology : Vacuum Tubes Processing : Very Slow

Characterized By:-

Magnetic Drums

• Magnetic Tapes
• Difficult to program
• Used machine language & assembly language

First Generation Computers

Features of First Generation Computers

• Large in Size
• Fastest computing device of that period
• Mostly used for mathematical purpose
• Not portable
• Difficult to assemble and install Vacuum Tube
• Vacuum tubes were used (Latest electronic device available at that time)
• Heat generated by the vacuum tubes leads to frequent failure
• Difficult to operate and maintenance

Second Generation Computers

Time Period : 1955 to 1965 Size : Smaller

Technology : Transistors Processing : Faster

Characterized By:-

• Magnetic Cores
• Magnetic Disk
• Used high level language
• Easier to program

Second Generation Computers

Features of second generation computers

• Smaller than first generation, but still large I size
• Not portable
• Fastest computing device of that period
• Transistors were used as major component (Latest electronic device of that time)
• Mostly used for mathematical purpose
• Difficult to install, operate and maintain
• Less heat generated
• Less failure

Transistor

Third Generation Computers

Time Period

Technology

: 1965 to 1975

: ICs (Integrated Circuits)

Incorporated many transistors & electronic circuits on a single chip

: Small as compared to 2nd generation computers

: Faster then 2nd generation computers

Size Processing

Characterized by:-

• Minicomputers accessible by multiple users from remote terminals.

IC (Integrated Circuit)

Features of Third generation Computers

• Smaller in size, portable
• Fastest computing device of that period.
• Integrated Circuits were use as major component
• Used for mathematical and text purpose
• Use of IC reduces heat and failure.
• Manufacturing of IC was very costly.
• Easy to install, operate and maintain.

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Fourth Generation Computers

• : 1975 to Till date
• : VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) Incorporated many millions of transistors & electronic circuits on a single chip
• : Small as compared to first generation computer
• : Faster then first generation computer

Time Period Technology

Size Processing

Characterized by:

The personal computer and user friendly micro-programs, very fast processor chip high level language, OOP (Object Oriented Programming)

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VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration)

Features of Fourth Generation Computer

• Higher integration Circuits were used like Large Scale Integration, Very large scale integration.
• Small in size, Portable.
• Very high speed processing
• Large storage area
• Multi purpose computer
• Multimedia processing (Image, Video and Audio)
• Internet and communication are possible.
• Graphical user interface
• Easy to install, operate and maintain.
• Less costly

Fifth Generation Computers

Time Period Technology

: Future Technology

: AI (Artificial Intelligence) A computer can think

Fifth Generation Computer

AI (Artificial Intelligence)

Features of Fifth generation Computer

• Artificial Intelligence to be used
• This generation is still in development stage
• This computer can think and take decision
• Now in some cases of Robotics, AI is being used.
• Will be very costly
• Very much user friendly

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