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Data Communication

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What is Communication

Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place, person or group to another

Communication consists of three main parts

Source - Unit that produce the message (person or group of people)

Message Set of words, numbers, pictures, body language

Destination Unit that receive the message (person or group of people)

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Categories of Communication

The different categories of communication include:

  • Spoken or Verbal Communication
  • Non-Verbal Communication,
  • Written Communication
  • Visualizations

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Spoken or Verbal Communication

This includes face-to-face, telephone, radio or television and other media

Examples :

  • Advising others
  • Giving credit to others
  • Encouraging employees
  • Training others to carry out a task or role

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Non-Verbal Communication

covering body language, gestures, how we dress or act, where we stand, and even our scent.

Examples

  • Facial expressions
  • Body movement and posture
  • Eye contact
  • Gestures
  • Touch

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Written Communication

which includes letters, e-mails, social media, books, magazines, the Internet and other media. Today, we can all write and publish our ideas online, which has led to an explosion of information and communication possibilities

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Visual Communication

Visual communication is the use of visual elements to convey ideas and information which include but are not limited to, signs, typography, drawing, graphic design, illustration, industrial design, advertising, animation, and electronic resources. Humans have used visual communication since prehistoric times

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Communication Process

A message or communication is sent by the sender through a communication channel to a receiver, or to multiple receivers.

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Communication Process

Channel - channel is the method used to transmit our message to a recipient, or to receive a message from someone else

There are multiple communication channels available to us today. These include

  • face-to-face conversations
  • telephone calls
  • text messages
  • email
  • the Internet (including social media such as Facebook and Twitter)
  • radio and TV, written letters, brochures and reports.

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Communication Process

Encode - All messages must be encoded into a form that can be conveyed by the communication channel chosen for the message

(Ex. Shorten form, letter form, news form, radio broadcasting form

Decode - Once received, the recipient needs to decode the message. Successful decoding is also a vital communication skill (depend on psychological state, place and time)

Feedback - The final part of a communication is feedback: the recipient lets the sender know that they have received and understood the message

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Communication Process (Example)

Sender

letter

message

Encoding

Prepare the letter suitable to go through channel

  • Addressing
  • Start
  • First para
  • Last para
  • Ending

Communication Channel

  • Normal post
  • E-mail
  • Fax
  • Phone message

Decoding

Receiver

letter

Prepare the letter suitable to accept by receiver

Decoding factors

  • Psychological state
  • Place
  • Time
  • Content

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Computer Communication

Data transfer between two computers or set of computers is known as computer communication. The data produced by computers are known as digital data. It needs signals (Electric field) to carry data from one location to another. There are two types of Signals,

  1. Analog signals
  2. Digital signals

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Analog signals are continuous wave signals that change with time period. Examples of analog signals are Human voice, Thermometer, Analog phones etc

Types of Signals

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Types of Signals

digital signal is a signal that is being used to represent data as a sequence of discrete values; at any given time it can only take 1 or 0. Examples of digital signals are Computers, Digital Phones, Digital pens, etc.

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Data Communication

Data transfer between digital devices(Ex. Computers, smart phones etc.) are known as data communication. Data Communication is defined as exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission channel (Ex. Network System). The Signals are used to carries data from one location to another.

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Data Communication (Diagram)

SOURCE

  • Computer
  • Smartphone
  • Tab
  • Server

RECEIVER

  • Computer
  • Smartphone
  • Tab
  • Server

Type of Network

  • Local Area Network
  • Wide Area Network
  • Radio broadcasting system
  • Microwave network
  • Wi-Fi System

Protocol

Protocol

Network Channel

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Elements of data communication system

Element

Description

Work station(Sender, Source)

  • It is the device/computer that generates and sends that message

Receiver (Destination)

  • It is the device or computer that receives the message. The location of receiver computer is generally different from the sender computer

Network Channel

  • Determine the data path from Source to destination

Signals (Analog or Digital)

  • To carry data from source to destination

Protocol

  • Set of rules that should follow each and every devices in the network