Cell Communication
Signal Transduction
Cell Cycle
BIOGO
Randomly fill in your BIOGO sheet with the terms:
Autocrine Secondary Messenger Phosphatases
Juxtacrine Amplification G-Protein Cyclins Stimulating Proteins
Endocrine Response Positive Feedback Cyclin Dependent Kinases
Paracrine Steroid Negative Feedback G1 G0 S
Ligand Protein Receptor Mutations G2 Mitosis
Receptor Phosphorylation Prophase Metaphase
Active Relay Protein Kinases Inhibitors Anaphase Telophase
What bonds to a cell receptor to initiate a cell response?
What bonds to a cell receptor to initiate a cell response?
Ligand
What happens during signal transduction to increase the number of molecules used to initial a response?
What happens during signal transduction to increase the number of molecules used to initial a response?
Amplification
Helper T and B cells must contact each other in order to illicit the production of antibodies. What type of cell communication does this illustrate?
Helper T and B cells must contact each other in order to illicit the production of antibodies. What type of cell communication does this illustrate?
Juxtacrine
Underlying disease can cause cardiac cells to secrete growth factors that causes the same cells to grow. This is an example of which type of cell communication?
Underlying disease can cause cardiac cells to secrete growth factors that causes the same cells to grow. This is an example of which type of cell communication?
Autocrine
The cells in the thyroid gland produce T-3 and T-4 which circulate throughout the body via the bloodstream and regulate the metabolic activity of all cells. This is an example of which type of cell communication?
The cells in the thyroid gland produce T-3 and T-4 which circulate throughout the body via the bloodstream and regulate the metabolic activity of all cells. This is an example of which type of cell communication?
Endocrine
What type of molecule is lipid based and can move through a cell membrane to illicit a cell response?
What type of molecule is lipid based and can move through a cell membrane to illicit a cell response?
Steroid
When the stomach is empty, cells in the stomach secrete a hormone called ghrelin which travels via the bloodstream to the brain and stimulates appetite. The person eats which causes the stomach to stretch and ghrelin production is inhibited. This is an example of….
When the stomach is empty, cells in the stomach secrete a hormone called ghrelin which travels via the bloodstream to the brain and stimulates appetite. The person eats which causes the stomach to stretch and ghrelin production is inhibited. This is an example of….
Negative Feedback
G Protein is an example of a(n)....
G Protein is an example of a(n)....
Active Relay Protein
What enzymes help amplify signals by transferring phosphate groups from ATP to proteins.
What enzymes help amplify signals by transferring phosphate groups from ATP to proteins.
Kinases
What molecules rise and fall throughout the cell cycle?
What molecules rise and fall throughout the cell cycle?
Cyclins
What molecules bond to cyclins as their concentrations increase to initiate acceleration or inhibition of the cell cycle?
What molecules bond to cyclins as their concentrations increase to initiate acceleration or inhibition of the cell cycle?
Cyclin Dependent Kinases
CDKs
What can inhibit the effectiveness of proteins used in signal transduction?
What can inhibit the effectiveness of proteins used in signal transduction?
Mutations
During cell cycle checkpoints molecules can accelerate progression to the next cycle. What are these molecules called?
During cell cycle checkpoints molecules can accelerate progression to the next cycle. What are these molecules called?
Stimulating Proteins
During cell cycle checkpoints molecules can halt progression to the next cycle. What are these molecules called?
During cell cycle checkpoints molecules can halt progression to the next cycle. What are these molecules called?
Inhibitors
MAD (mitotic arrest deficient) proteins inhibit APC/C (anaphase promoting complex) from destroying proteins that hold sister chromatids together if the spindle fibers are not properly connected during which phase of mitosis?
MAD Proteins inhibit APC/C from destroying proteins that hold sister chromatids together if the spindle fibers are not properly connected during which phase of mitosis?
Metaphase
What phase is initiated if the cell does not have enough resources during G1?
What phase is initiated if the cell does not have enough resources during G1?
G0
What phase of the cell cycle is shown below?
What phase of the cell cycle is shown below?
Anaphase