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Nanotechnology

  • An Introduction

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What is Nanotechnology?

  • • Science of manipulating matter at 1–100 nm scale
  • • Combines physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering

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Key Properties at Nanoscale

  • • Increased surface area
  • • Quantum effects
  • • Enhanced mechanical, optical, electrical properties

Nanoparticles have an increased surface area relative to their volume because as a particle's size decreases to the nanoscale, a larger proportion of its atoms are on the surface. This phenomenon is a result of how surface area scales with the square of the linear dimension, while volume scales with the cube of that dimension.

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Applications

  • • Medicine: drug delivery, diagnostics
  • • Agriculture: nano-fertilizers, sensors
  • • Electronics: smaller, faster devices
  • • Energy: better batteries, solar cells

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Nanomaterials

  • • Nanoparticles
  • • Nanotubes
  • • Nanowires
  • • Quantum dots

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Benefits

  • • Higher efficiency
  • • Targeted delivery in medicine
  • • Reduced material usage
  • • Improved performance

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Risks & Challenges

  • • Toxicity concerns
  • • Environmental impact
  • • Regulation issues

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Future Prospects

  • • Smart materials
  • • Advanced biomedical systems
  • • Sustainable nanotechnology