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  • Các Loại Mệnh Đề và Cụm Từ chỉ: Mục đích, Kết quả, Lý do, Sự nhượng bộ / tương phản.
  • Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian

By Linh Sarah

2 of 21

​

MỆNH ĐỀ

CỤM TỪ

1. CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH

S + V + so that + S + will/ would + V.

in order that can / could

may/ might

S + V + (not) to + V.

in order (not) to

so as (not) to

*Chú ý: Nếu 2 vế khác chủ ngữ => in order (for sb) + (not) to V

2. CHỈ KẾT QUẢ

  1. S + be + so + adj + that + S + V.

V adv

(quá … đến nỗi mà …)

2. S + be + such + (a/an) + adj + N + that + S + V.

cụm danh từ

*Chú ý:

It was such a hot day that we all went swimming.

so hot a day

​

  1. S + be + adj + enough + (for sb) + to V.

V adv

(đủ … để có thể …)

2. too + adj / adv + (for sb) + to V

(quá … không thể …)

​

*Chú ý:

  • enough + N + to V
  • so many / much / few / little + N

3. CHỈ NGUYÊN NHÂN HOẶC LÝ DO

Because

Since + S + V, S + V. = S + V, so S + V.

As

Seeing that

S + V + because of + its / her/ … + N.

due to + the + Ving / being + adj.

owing to +sở hữu cách + the fact that + S + V.

mệnh đề danh từ

4. CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ / TƯƠNG PHẢN

​

Although

Though + S + V, S + V. = S + V, but S + V.

Even though

S + V + in spite of + its / her/ … + N.

despite + the + Ving / being + adj.

+sở hữu cách + the fact that + S + V.

mệnh đề danh từ

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Task #5: Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian

Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian bắt đầu bằng:

  • when (khi),
  • as (= while:trong khi, = when:khi)
  • as long as (miễn là)
  • since (từ khi)
  • until/ till (cho đến khi)
  • while (trong khi)
  • as soon as (ngay khi)
  • once (một khi)
  • whenever (bất cứ lúc nào)
  • by (vào lúc, tính đến khi))
  • before (trước khi)
  • after (sau khi)
  • every time (mỗi khi)
  • no sooner ... than (vừa mới ...thì)
  • hardly ... when (vừa... thì)
  • When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.

(Khi tôi đến anh ấy đang nói chuyện điện thoại.)

  • She was cooking while I was doing my homework.

(Cô ấy nấu ăn trong khi tôi đang làm bài tập.)

  • Before you go home, remember to turn off the air-conditioner.

(Trước khi về nhà nhớ tắt máy điều hòa nhiệt độ.)

  • Chú ý: 1. Không dùng thì tương lai trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.
  • Thay vào đó hãy dùng Hiện Tại Đơn / Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn / Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành với mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian trong tương lai:
  • I’ll drink a cup of coffee before I leave. (NOT ... before I’ll leave)
  • Hoặc dùng thời Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành nếu muốn nhấn mạnh tính hoàn tất của hành động ở mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian trong tương lai:
  • I will come to the party as soon as I have finished my work.
  • 2. Nếu 2 mệnh đề cùng chủ ngữ thì ta có thể rút gọn Mệnh Đề Trạng Ngữ bằng V-ing (nếu mệnh đề trạng ngữ ở thể chủ động) hoặc rút gọn bằng P2 (nếu mệnh đề trạng ngữ ở thể bị động):
  • I’ll drink a cup of coffee before leaving / before I leave.
  • The products will be exported after tested/ after they are tested.

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Task #1: Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ mục đích

1. Dạng bài tập 1: Nối 2 câu có cùng chủ ngữ thành 1 câu có cụm từ chỉ mục đích hoặc mệnh đề chỉ mục đích.

  • Mary gets up early every morning. She wants to learn her lessons.

→ Mary gets up early every morning to learn her lessons. → Mary gets up early every morning so that she can learn her lessons.

  • He was in a hurry. He didn’t want to miss the bus.

→ He was in a hurry in order not to miss the bus. → He was in a hurry in order that he wouldn’t miss the bus.

2. Dạng bài tập 2: Nối 2 câu có cùng chủ ngữ nhưng sau want có tân ngữ hoặc tân ngữ (object)

  • He gave me his address. He wanted me to visit him.

→ He gave me his address so that I would visit him. → He gave me his address in order for me to visit him.

3. Dạng bài tập 3: Đổi từ cụm từ sang mệnh đề hoặc ngược lại.

  • We hurried to school so as not to be late. → We hurried to school so that we wouldn’t be late.
  • Mary locked the door so that she wouldn’t be disturbed. → Mary locked the door so as not to be disturbed.

​

MỆNH ĐỀ

CỤM TỪ

1. CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH

S + V + so that + S + will/ would + V.

in order that can / could

may/ might

S + V + (not) to + V.

in order (not) to

so as (not) to

*Chú ý: Nếu 2 vế khác chủ ngữ => in order (for sb) + (not) to V

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Task #2: Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ kết quả

  • Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả:
  • The day was so beautiful that we all wanted to go for a picnic. (Trời đẹp đến nỗi mà tất cả chúng tôi đã muốn đi dã ngoại.)
  • It was such a beautiful day that we all wanted to go for a picnic. (Trời đẹp đến nỗi mà tất cả chúng tôi đã muốn đi dã ngoại.)
  • She walked in so quietly that no one realized that. (Cô ấy đã bước vào một cách yên lặng đến mỗi mà không ai nhận ra.)
  • Cụm từ chỉ kết quả:
  • The bookshelf wasn’t short enough for the boy to reach it. (Cái giá sách không đủ thấp để cậu bé có thể với được nó.)
  • The bookshelf was too high for the boy to reach. (Cái giá sách quá cao khiến cậu bé không thể với tới)
  • The snail didn’t run fast enough to keep up with the rabbit. (Con sên không chạy đủ nhanh để có thể bắt kịp con thỏ).
  • The snail ran too slowly to keep up with the rabbit. (Con sên chạy quá chậm không thể theo kịp con thỏ.)
  • Chú ý: - She didn’t have enough money to buy the house. - There were so many people in the room that we didn’t have enough chairs.

​

MỆNH ĐỀ

CỤM TỪ

2. CHỈ KẾT QUẢ

  • S + be + so + adj + that + S + V.

V adv

(quá … đến nỗi mà …)

2. S + such + (a/an) + adj + N + that + S + V.

cụm danh từ

*Chú ý:

It was such a hot day that we all went swimming.

so hot a day

  • S + be + adj + enough + (for sb) + to V.

V adv

(đủ … để có thể …)

2. too + adj / adv + (for sb) + to V

(quá … không thể …)

​

*Chú ý:

  • enough + N + to V
  • so many / much / few / little + N

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Task #3: Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ nguyên nhân / lý do

  • Ví dụ:
  • Due to the cold weather , we stayed home. (Because) => We stayed home because the weather was cold.
  • Most people hear jogging is a good exercise, so they begin to jog. (Because) => Because most people hear jogging is a good exercise, they begin to jog.
  • 5 cách biến đổi mệnh đề ⇔ cụm danh từ
  • The young couple decided not to buy the house because of its dilapidated condition. (Because)

=> The young couple decided not to buy the house because its condition was dilapidated / the condition of the house was dilapidated.

=> The young couple decided not to buy the house because it was in dilapidated condition.

  1. The water in most rivers is unsafe to drink because it’s polluted. (Due to)

=> Due to its pollution, the water in most rivers is unsafe to drink.

  • We couldn’t go to work on time this morning because it rained heavily. (Because of)

=> We couldn’t go to work on time this morning because of the heavy rain.

  • Because she frequently goes to school late, she misses a lot of small tests. (Because of)

=> Because of her frequently going to school late, she misses a lot of small tests.

  • Because she frequently goes to school late, she misses a lot of small tests. (Because of)

=> Because of the fact that she frequently goes to school late, she misses a lot of small tests.

​

MỆNH ĐỀ

CỤM TỪ

3. CHỈ NGUYÊN NHÂN HOẶC LÝ DO

Because

Since + S + V, S + V. = S + V, so S + V.

As

Seeing that

S + V + because of + its / her/ … + N.

due to + the + Ving / being + adj.

owing to +sở hữu cách + the fact that + S + V.

mệnh đề danh từ

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Task #4: Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ sự tương phản

​

MỆNH ĐỀ

CỤM TỪ

4. CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ / TƯƠNG PHẢN

Although

Though + S + V, S + V. = S + V, but S + V.

Even though

S + V + in spite of + its / her/ … + N.

despite + the + Ving / being + adj.

+sở hữu cách + the fact that + S + V.

mệnh đề danh từ

No matter how + adj/ adv + S + V, S + V.

No matter what (+ N ) + S + V, S + V.

No matter who / when /where /why + S + V, S + V.

​

No matter how = however

No matter what = whatever

No matter who = whoever

No matter when = whenever

No matter where = wherever

​

  • No matter how beautiful she is, I don’t like her.

(Dù cô ta có xinh đẹp như thế nào chăng nữa, tôi cũng không thích cô ta.)

  • No matter what you say, I don’t believe you.

(Dù bạn có nói gì đi chăng nữa, tôi không tin bạn.)

  • No matter what good jobs he got, he wasn’t satisfied.

(Dù anh ta đã có được những công việc tốt thế nào đi chăng nữa, anh ấy vẫn không hài lòng.)

  • No matter where /Wherever you go, I’m still right here waiting for you.

(Dù em có đi đâu chăng nữa, anh vẫn sẽ ở đây chờ đợi em.)

  • No matter what /Whatever you do, I’m still right here waiting for you.

(Dù em có làm gì đi chăng nữa, anh vẫn sẽ ở đây chờ đợi em.)

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5 cách biến đổi

MỆNH ĐỀ ⇔ CỤM DANH TỪ

By Linh Sarah

9 of 21

Cách 1: (A /An/The) + adj +N <=> The + N + be + adj.

TTSH + N + be + adj.

​

A / An / The / Tính từ sở hữu

​

  • adj

​

  • N

​

<=>

The + N

​

TTSH + N

​

  • be

​

  • adj.

A

beautiful

girl

⇔

The girl

is

beautiful.

The

bad

weather

⇔

The weather

was

bad.

Its

dilapidated

condition

⇔

Its condition

is

dilapidated.

The

foggy

weather

⇔

It

The weather

was

foggy.

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Cách 1: (A /An/The) + adj +N <=> The + N + be + adj.

TTSH + N + be + adj.

​

The + N

TTSH + N

​

The girl

The weather

Its condition

The weather

  • be

​

​

is

was

is

was

  • adj.

​

​

beautiful.

bad.

dilapidated.

foggy.

A / An / The / Tính từ sở hữu

​

A

The

Its

The

  • adj

​

beautiful

bad

dilapidated

foggy

  • N

​

girl

weather

condition

weather

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Cách 2: ADJ ⇔ N

​

ADJ

<=>

The +N

TTSH/ Sở hữu cách ‘s + N

Because it is polluted, the water is unsafe.

<=>

Due to its pollution, the water is unsafe.

Although life in the city is convenient, I prefer living in the countryside.

<=>

Despite the convenience of the life in the city, I prefer living in the countryside.

Because it was rainy, we went to school late.

<=>

Because of the rain, we went to school late.

​

Even though he is rich, he is always modest.

<=>

In spite of his richness, he is always modest.

Because the girl was talented, she won the first prize.

<=>

Because of the girl’s talent, she won the first prize.

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Because

it rained

(V)

heavily

(Adv)

Because of

the heavy

(Adj)

rain

(N)

Cách 3: V + adv-ly ⇔ the adj + N

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Cách 4: S + V ⇔ TTSH / Sở hữu cách ‘s + V- ing

​

S + V

<=>

TTSH / S’s + V-ing

Because she went to school late, she missed the small test.

<=>

Due to her going to school late, she missed the small test.

Because Peter didn’t listen to his teacher, he couldn’t do the test well.

<=>

Because of Peter’s not listening to his teacher, he couldn’t do the test well.

Although his wife was ill, he managed to take care the whole family.

<=>

In spite of his wife’s being ill, he managed to take care the whole family.

​

Despite his wife’s illness, he managed to take care the whole family.

Even though she was poor, she is still generous to the disadvantaged.

<=>

Despite her being poor, she is still generous to the disadvantaged.

​

In spite of her poverty, she is still generous to the disadvantaged.

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Cách 5: S + V ⇔ the fact that + S + V

S + V

(mệnh đề)

<=>

the fact that + S + V

(mệnh đề danh từ)

Because she went to school late, she missed the small test.

<=>

Because of the fact that she went to school late, she missed the small test.

Because Peter didn’t listen to his teacher, he couldn’t do the test well.

<=>

Because of the fact that Peter didn’t listen to his teacher, he couldn’t do the test well.

Although his wife was ill, he managed to take care the whole family.

<=>

In spite of the fact that his wife was ill, he managed to take care the whole family.

Even though she was poor, she is still generous to the disadvantaged.

<=>

Despite the fact that she was poor, she is still generous to the disadvantaged.

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EXERCISES

Dưới đây là những bài tập cả lớp đã làm trong đường link Google docs

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EXERCISE 1.a. Combine each pair of sentences below using both a clause of purpose & a phrase of purpose.

  1. Mary gets up early every morning. She wants to learn her lessons.
  2. We learn English. We want to have better communication with other people.
  3. He was in a hurry. We wanted to catch the bus.
  4. He gave me his address. He wanted me to visit him.
  5. They whispered. They didn’t want anyone to hear their conversation.
  6. The police stopped the traffic every few minutes. The pedestrians might cross the road.
  7. The farmer built a high wall around his garden. The fruit wouldn’t be stolen.
  8. He moved to the front row. He could hear the speaker better.
  9. I wish to have enough money. I want to buy a new house.
  10. The robber changed his address all the time. He didn’t want the police to find him.

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EXERCISE 1.b. Change phrases of purpose to clause of purpose and vice versa

  1. We hurried to school so as not to be late.
  2. He climbed the tree in order to get a better view.
  3. You should get up early so that you will have time to review your lesson.
  4. Some young people like to earn their own living in order that they will be independent of their parents.
  5. We should do morning exercises regularly so as to improve our health.
  6. We should take advantage of scientific achievements of the world so that we can develop our national economy.
  7. Everyone in the world must unite their efforts to maintain and protect peace.
  8. She put on warm clothes so that she wouldn’t catch cold.
  9. He hurried to the station so as not to miss he train.
  10. She locked the door so as not to be disturbed.

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Exercise 2.a. Make sentences with SO … THAT & SUCH … THAT

  1. The lesson is very difficult. Nobody can understand it.
  2. The work is very hard. I can’t finish it on time.
  3. This novel was very interesting. I couldn’t put it down.
  4. This song is very simple. All of us can sing it.
  5. My brothers and sisters were very excited about the trip. They couldn’t sleep.
  6. The house is very expensive. Nobody can buy it.
  7. The boy is very nice. We all like him.
  8. The room was very dark. I couldn’t see anything.
  9. The day was nice. We decided to go to the beach.
  10. He has very wide knowledge. We can’t help admiring him.
  11. There was a lot of food. Everyone ate too much.
  12. There were a lot of guests. There wasn’t enough food.

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Exercise 2.b. Combine two sentences using TOO or ENOUGH

  1. We couldn’t eat the food. It was very hot.
  2. A taxi would have been best. But I didn’t have much money.
  3. Sarah can’t take a day off/ She’s very busy.
  4. A picnic would be nice. But it’s wet.
  5. Nobody could move the piano. It was very heavy.
  6. I didn’t wear this coat in winter. It isn’t warm.
  7. All my guests will need chairs. But I haven’t got many.
  8. I can’t explain he situation. It’s complicated.
  9. Three people can’t sit on this sofa. It isn’t wide.
  10. I couldn’t carry the equipment. I had such a lot.
  11. We couldn’t climb over the wall. It was very high.
  12. Natasha wants to be a professional musician. She’s very good.
  13. He didn’t get the job. He wasn’t experienced.

​

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Exercise 3. Rewrite these sentences with a clause or a phrase of reason

  1. Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (Because)
  2. Most of people hear jogging is a good exercise, so they begin to jog. (Because)
  3. People like to live in this country because of its healthy climate. (Because)
  4. A computer can be used for various purposes, so it becomes very popular nowadays. (Because)
  5. Stacey retired in 1987 partly because she had ill health. (so)
  6. The young couple decide not to buy the house because of its dilapidated condition. (Because)
  7. Jim had to give up jogging because he had sprained his ankle severely.
  8. The water in most rivers is unsafe to drink because it’s polluted.
  9. We had to stay in London an extra day because it was foggy at the airport. (Because of)
  10. Bill has to do all of the cooking and cleaning because his wife is ill. (Because of)

11. We couldn’t go to work on time this morning because it rained heavily. (Because of)

12. We all have received the best of everything because our parents are generous. (Because of)

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Exercise 4. Rewrite these sentences with a clause or a phrase of concession

  1. I enjoyed the film. The story was silly. (in spite of)
  2. We live in the same street. We hardly ever see each other. (despite)
  3. My foot was injured but I managed to walk to the nearest village. (although)
  4. They have very little money. They are happy. (in spite of)
  5. Although Nick used to smoke, he seems to be in a good health. (but)
  6. Laura wants to fly but she feels afraid. (in spite of the fact)
  7. I’m no better. I’ve taken the pills. (despite the fact)
  8. French was one of Matthew’s school subject but he doesn’t know any of it. (even though)
  9. The good were never delivered. We had received the promise. (despite)
  10. Trevor didn’t notice the sign. It was right in front of him. (though)

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