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Fundamentals of Survey Design: Questions

August 22, 2023

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Icebreaker

In Breakout Rooms:

  • What would your Superpower be if you had one?
  • You will have 5 minutes for everyone to share.

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Session Norms

Adopt Growth Mindset

Produce Best Quality work

Uphold District Data Privacy

Maximize Engagement

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Introduction (10 Minutes)

Writing survey questions (30 Minutes)

Background and Fact-Finding Recap (10 Minutes)

Designing the Survey (30 Minutes)

Closing (10 Minutes)

Agenda

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Objectives

  • Data Fellows will understand basic principles of survey design, including common types of survey questions.

Data Fellows will identify and describe the key characteristics to design a survey.

Data Fellows will be able to identify the steps of Qualitative Research, Quantitative Survey, and Actionable Insights.

Success Criteria: By the end of the session, Fellows will be able to:

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Objectives

  1. Data Fellows will have a model for analysis and visualization of survey results

Data Fellows will identify the steps related to how to use the survey design document.

Data Fellows will demonstrate the ability to apply objectives related to Information Needed, How to Ask Questions and How to Analyze Data collected from properly designed surveys.

Success Criteria: By the end of the session, Fellows will be able to:

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Introduction to Writing Surveys Framework

  1. Plan research to support decisions

2. Conduct background fact-finding

3. Design survey plan

4. Make questions clear

Adapted from The Complete Guide to Writing Questionnaires: How to Get the Information for Better Decisions

5. Make questions answerable

6. Make questions easy

7. Make questions unbiased

8. Pretest survey

Today’s focus

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Background and Fact Finding Recap

In the chat:

  • How do the 3 questions, facilitation guide, and the top line report impact Survey Design?
  • Why is it important to do the background and fact finding steps before designing survey questions?

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Big Three Questions:

  1. What gap exists that needs to be filled by a survey?
  2. How are we going to use the information as actionable insight?
  3. Are there any other data sources besides the survey where I can get this information?

Example Survey: Teacher Confidence in HQIM

Respondents: Teachers in Lost Pines ISD

Sponsors’ Goal: Determine the extent to which teachers are confident in implementing Amplify and Eureka curricula.

  • Unsure of teacher confidence with HQIM
  • Build a PD schedule
  • No

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Fundamentals of Survey Design: Questions

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Vignette Scenario

Directions

  1. 3 volunteers to read the vignette
    • Narrator
    • Michael
    • Angela
  2. All other participants follow along and reflect on the following:
    • What problem is the team trying to solve? Why is it important to solve it?

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Vignette

Michael’s nervous knock got Angela’s attention.

Angela nodded for him to come into her office.

Michael sighed and slumped into the seat.

“What’s wrong?”

“I just got out of a strategy session with the survey committee.” Michael exhaled.

Angela arched her brow and nodded.

“I’m concerned that the committee’s questions won’t get us the data we need to make decisions.”

“Can you show me the questions?”

Michael messaged the questions to Angela.

Angela read aloud a couple of the questions.

‘All staff and administrators share a vision for professional development.’

‘Teachers should do whatever is necessary to attend professional development.’

Angela smiled.

“Your Cheshire cat grin tells me everything.”

Angela nodded. “Let’s jam out on designing the survey design plan.”

“When?”

“I can do it now. The survey plan will empower you to go back to the steering committee with a document for more explicit connections.”

Michael smiled.

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Vignette

Michael’s nervous knock got Angela’s attention.

Angela nodded for him to come into her office.

Michael sighed and slumped into the seat.

“What’s wrong?”

“I just got out of a strategy session with the survey committee.” Michael exhaled.

Angela arced her brow and nodded.

“I’m concerned that the committee’s questions won’t get us the data we need to make decisions.”

“Can you show me the questions?”

Michael messaged the questions to Angela.

Angela read aloud a couple of the questions.

‘All staff and administrators share a vision for professional development.’

‘Teachers should do whatever is necessary to attend professional development.’

Angela smiled.

“Your Cheshire cat grin tells me everything.”

Angela nodded. “Let’s jam out on designing the survey design plan.”

“When?”

“I can do it now. The survey plan will empower you to go back to the steering committee with a document for more explicit connections.”

Michael smiled.

What problem is the team trying to solve? Why is it important to solve it?

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Survey Design Overview

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What is a Survey?

"A survey is a 'conversation' between you and hundreds, and sometimes thousands of diverse respondents." – David F. Harris

The Complete Guide to Writing Questionnaires:

How to Get Better Information for Better Decision

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Steps to survey design

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Good Surveys

  • This “conversation,” or survey, might last 5 – 45 minutes
  • Every single question must be answerable in exactly the same way
  • Can the respondents recall the information you are asking?
  • Will the respondents answer without bias?
  • Are the respondents willing to answer each question?

Unlike a live conversation, you are not able to clarify ambiguities.

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Designing the Survey

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Framework for Designing Survey Questions

How to Ask Questions

How to Analyze Data

Make questions clear, answerable, easy

Ensure questions have only one answer

Stem and answer choices must match

Determine method for data collection

Determine visuals based on the data you will collect

Conduct Cognitive Interview

Brainstorming session

Allows you to think about the information you will need from the questions you are answering

In our workbook, Column A

Gather Information Needed

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Designing the Survey

Tool: Survey Workbook

  1. State the decisions needed
  2. Decide information needs
  3. Order information
  4. Determine how to analyze the data

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Framework for Designing Survey Questions

How to Ask Questions

How to Analyze Data

Make questions clear, answerable, easy

Ensure questions have only one answer

Stem and answer choices must match

Determine method for data collection

Determine visuals based on the data you will collect

Brainstorming session

Allows you to think about the information you will need from the questions you are answering

In our workbook, Column A

Gather Information Needed

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Let’s Practice

3 min solo:

  • Review Survey Plan Example

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Let’s Practice

5 min solo:

  • Create your own decision needed in the yellow box on Survey Plan Blank Tab
  • Fill in the Information Needed column (Column A) on that template

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Let’s Practice

8 min Breakout Rooms

  • Discuss as a team:
    • Decision Needed
    • Information Needed

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Debrief

  1. What surveys are we designing at our schools?
  2. Who are the target audiences for those surveys?
  3. What big decisions do we need to make?

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Framework for Designing Survey Questions

How to Ask Questions

How to Analyze Data

Make questions clear, answerable, easy

Ensure questions have only one answer

Stem and answer choices must match

Determine method for data collection

Determine visuals based on the data you will collect

Brainstorming session

Allows you to think about the information you will need from the questions you are answering

In our workbook, Column A

Gather Information Needed

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2 min solo

    • Review “How to ask the Questions” column.
    • Think: How do these questions align with the information needed column?

How to ask Questions

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Make Questions Clear

Limit qualifiers to one

The PD I received this year was timely and helpful.

“PD was helpful, but too late in the year.”

“Which session are they talking about? There were 6 and they were all different.”

The PD we received in August on Eureka Math was helpful.

Initial Question

Participants’ Thoughts

Improved Question

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Make Questions Answerable

Use specificity

I regularly receive feedback on my lesson internalization.

“My principal provided me feedback at the beginning of fall every week, but now it’s every month…is that regularly?”

In the past 30 days, how many times have you received feedback on your lesson internalization?

Initial Question

Participants’ Thoughts

Improved Question

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Make Questions Easy

Use clear language; use simple sentences

Thinking of your typical student, what percentage of them have improved their knowledge because of the HQIM you have implemented in class?

“Uhh..I have not thought about this. I’ll make up an answer. I have things to do.”

“What’s typical even mean?”

“What is HQIM? I teach an elective and create my own curriculum…”

Only provided to those who use HQIM:

Think of your students with the ten lowest grades. Out of those students, please share your best guess: how many have you seen respond well to HQIM?

Initial Question

Participants’ Thoughts

Improved Question

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Make Sure Questions have only one Answer

Avoid using “and;” instead, split the question into two parts

I have a strong understanding of these instructional materials and feel comfortable using them.

Yes…I have a strong understanding and feel comfortable…

Hmm..I have a strong understanding, but I don’t really feel comfortable because I disagree with some elements.

I feel comfortable using the instructional materials.

Initial Question

Participants’ Thoughts

Improved Question

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Question Stem and Answer Choices Must Match

Ensure you select the appropriate scale of measurement

My instructional coach and I meet frequently.

(Strongly Agree → Strongly Disagree)

“I think we meet frequently…but what if my coach doesn’t agree with me?”

“We meet frequently but sometimes we meet for other reasons…”

Feedback sessions with my instructional coach have improved my teaching effectiveness.

(Strongly Agree → Strongly Disagree)

Initial Question

Participants’ Thoughts

Improved Question

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Avoid Question Bias

Avoid influencing respondents with your own assumptions

Because students are far behind, teachers spend nearly all of their time on standards from earlier grades.

“Not all students are behind.”

“I spend about 60% of my time on standards from earlier years…is this nearly all of my time?”

I spend more than 30% of my time teaching previous grade-level standards.

True/False

Initial Question

Participants’ Thoughts

Improved Question

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Let’s Practice

5 min solo:

  • Brainstorm questions for one of the pieces of information you needed to gather (from Column A)

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Test your Questions: Cognitive Interview

Sample of 5-10 people

Don’t focus on their response; focus on how they arrived at their response

Questions to Ask

  1. In your own words, what is this question asking?

  • How did you arrive at your answer for this question?

  • How sure are you of your answer?

Understand if your question is clear and answerable

Understand if your question has only one answer and avoids bias

Understand if your questions are easy and have only one answer

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Model: Cognitive Interview

Questions to Ask

  • In your own words, what is this question asking?

  • How did you arrive at your answer for this question?

  • How sure are you of your answer?

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Let’s Practice

~ 10 min Breakout Rooms

  • Conduct a cognitive interview using the question that you drafted in the solo practice
  • Ask your colleagues the three cognitive interview questions and record their responses.

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Framework for Designing Survey Questions

How to Ask Questions

How to Analyze Data

Make questions clear, answerable, easy

Ensure questions have only one answer

Stem and answer choices must match

Determine method for data collection

Determine visuals based on the data you will collect

Brainstorming session

Allows you to think about the information you will need from the questions you are answering

In our workbook, Column A

Gather Information Needed

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How to Analyze the Data

Estimate populations:

  • Bar charts
  • Column charts
  • Pie charts
  • Donut charts
  • Treemap
  • Pictograph

Differences between groups:

  • Stacked area chart
  • Multiple line graph
  • Histogram
  • Bubble chart

Associations between variables:

  • Bubble chart
  • Scatterplot
  • Box and whiskers
  • Heat map
  • Combination chart

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Closing

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Upcoming Events

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Office Hours: Thursday, August 24

Community of Practice: Thursday, August 31

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