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Chinese Tradition - Eva Hung and David Pollard,

Routledge Encyclopaedia of Translation Studies (eds) Mona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha

Translation History

in China

26/02/2024

Ailin Chen

History and Theory of Translation - 2023/2024
Profa - Zsófia Gombár

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01

Westward spread of

Eastern learning

东学西传

Part one

02

The End of

Chinese Empire

中华帝国终结

Part Two

03

Eastward Spread of

Western Learning

西学东渐

Part Three

CONTENT

行业PPT模板http://www.1ppt.com/hangye/

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01

The Westward Spread of

Eastern Learning

东学西传

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01

Ancient Chinese Civilisation

Papermaking

Printing

Compass

Gunpowder

Four Great Inventions of China

火

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01

Ancient Chinese Civilisation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcxxb1RM1Dc ; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD3dgiDreGc ;

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/chinese-explorers-discovered-america-before-columbus/articleshow/48042123.cms

Zheng He

Christopher Columbus

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01

Ancient Chinese Civilisation

Zheng He

Christopher Columbus

317 ships

≈ 30,000 people

11,000 km

3 ships

87 people

6400 km

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01

Ancient Chinese Civilisation

Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) -> Latin

Great Learning/《大学》
Doctrine of the Mean/《中庸》
Confucian Analects/《论语》
Mencius/《孟子》

Nicolas Trigault (1577 -1628) -> Latin

Book of Songs/《诗经》
Book of Documents/《尚书》
Book of Changes/《周易》
Book of Rites/《礼记》
The Spring and Autumn Annals/《春秋》

Four Books and Five Classics

四书五经

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01

Ancient Chinese Civilisation

Science and Civilisation in China (1954 - present) - Joseph Needham

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WiXOctGtsnw

The technologies (in China) formed the basis for much of the development of science and technology in the West. Without China, we have no modern Europe, or America. - Jerry Kraus

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02

The End of

Chinese Empire

中华帝国终结

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The End of Chinese Empire

02

Qing Dynasty

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The End of Chinese Empire

02

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The End of Chinese Empire

02

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The End of Chinese Empire

02

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The End of Chinese Empire

02

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The End of Chinese Empire

02

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The End of Chinese Empire

02

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The End of Chinese Empire

02

Lin Zexu

林则徐

Destruction of

Opium

at Humen

虎门销烟

- 1839

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The End of Chinese Empire

02

Lin Zexu

林则徐

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The End of Chinese Empire

Eight-Nation Alliance

02

Austria-Hungary

British Empire

France

Italy

Japan

Russia

United States

Germany

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The End of Chinese Empire

1839 - 1842: First Opium War

1856 - 1860: Second Opium War

1884 - 1885: Sino-French War

1894 - 1895: First Sino-Japanese War

1903 - 1904: GB invaded Tibet

1931 - 1945: Second Sino-Japanese War

…

02

Century of humiliation

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The End of Chinese Empire

02

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The End of Chinese Empire

Austria-Hungary

British Empire

France

Italy

Japan

Russia

United States

Germany

Denmark

Portugal

Belgium

Netherlands

Norway

Spain

……

02

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The End of Chinese Empire

02

Old Summer Palace

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The End of Chinese Empire

02

The Burning of

Old

Summer Palace

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The End of Chinese Empire

02

Old Summer Palace

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The End of Chinese Empire

02

Old Summer Palace

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The End of Chinese Empire

“In a corner of the world, it is one of the wonders of the world. The miracle called the Old Summer Palace.”

“Two robbers breaking into a museum. One has looted, the other has burnt. (…) one of the two conquerors filled its pockets, seeing that, the other filled its safes; and they came back to Europe laughing hand-in-hand. (…) Before history, one of the bandits will be called France and the other England.”

02

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The End of Chinese Empire

02

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The End of Chinese Empire

Chinese Zodiac TRAILER (2012) - Jackie Chan Movie: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OPQogQKVeTk

02

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The End of Chinese Empire

1839 - 1842: First Opium War

1856 - 1860: Second Opium War

1884 - 1885: Sino-French War

1894 - 1895: First Sino-Japanese War

1903 - 1904: GB invaded Tibet

1927 - 1937: Chinese Civil War

1931 - 1945: Second Sino-Japanese War

1945 - 1950: Chinese Civil War

…

02

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03

The Eastward Spread of

Western Learning

西学东渐

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Western Languages in China

Lin Zexu 林则徐

03

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Western Languages in China

Canton Register (1827-1850s)

Lin Zexu 林则徐

A Abelha da China (1822-?)

Canton Register (1835-?)

03

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Western Languages in China

Language Institutions/Bureaus in China

Tongwen Guan/同文馆 (1862) - Beijing
Students first admitted in 1862
Eight-year Course in languages
English, French, Russian and German
Natural and Social Sciences
Diplomacy, law, politics, and natural sciences

03

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Western Languages in China

Language Institutions/Bureaus in China

03

The Code Napoleon -

Henry Wheaton

(translated)

International Law -

Henry Wheaton

The Modern Law of War -

Johann Kaspar Bluntschli

(translated)

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Western Languages in China

Language Institutions/Bureaus in China

03

Jiangnan Arsenal/江南机器制造总局 - Shanghai
Translation bureau - 1865
A total of 50 Chinese scholars and 9 Westerners
Technical manuals
Western sciences

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Western Languages in China

Language Institutions/Bureaus in China

03

System of Mineralogy -

James Dwight Dana

Outlines of Astronomy -

Sir John Frederick William Herschel

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Western Languages in China

Language Institutions/Bureaus in China

03

The London Mission Press/墨海书馆 - 1843
The Society for the Diffusion of Christian and General Knowledge Among the Chinese/广学会 - 1887
Religious and general educational texts
250 books by 1903

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Western Languages in China

Political reformists/intellectuals

03

Liang Qichao

梁启超

Kang Youwei

康有为

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Western Languages in China

Political reformists/intellectuals

03

Independent publishing houses 1895-1900
Japanese translation of western works and Japanese works
Shiwu Bao (The Times)/时务报 - Shanghai
Guowen Bao (National Register)/国闻报 - Tianjin

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Western Languages in China

Political reformists/intellectuals

03

Tianyan Lun (On Evolution)

天演论

Evolution and Ethics -

Thomas Henry Huxley

Yan Fu

严复

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Western Languages in China

Political reformists/intellectuals

03

Wei Han

魏瀚

Lin Shu

林纾

Wang Shouchang

王寿昌

If Yan Fu can be considered the main translation figure in the field of philosophy and social science, the prize for fiction has to go to Lin Shu, an orthodox scholar.

By 1911, Lin Shu had translated over 50 books, and more than 100 more were to come before he died; he worked with many collaborators, over 20 in all, translating from English and French.

Interestingly, the actual translators were completely overshadowed by the “rewrite man”. Nevertheless, Lin Shu’s translations undoubtedly owed their popularity to his skill with words, and also to his discrimination: the leading contemporary scholar Qian Zhongshu has testified that despite their omissions and mistakes, the Lin Shu translations (he was referring particularly to Dickens and Montesquieu) have more wit and feeling than more “faithful” renditions which were published later. Lin was inclined to expand on emotive passages and cut description. He also contributed enthusiastic prefaces and analyses of the chief virtues of the original works, which no doubt increased their impact.

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Western Languages in China

Political reformists/intellectuals

03

Honoré

de Balzac

Alexandre

Dumas

Charles

Dickens

Miguel de Cervantes

Daniel Defoe

Walter Scott

Arthur Conan Doyle

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26/02/2024

Ailin Chen

History and Theory of Translation - 2023/2024
Profa - Zsófia Gombár