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Class- 7^th

ENGLISH

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Use of ‘has to, have to, had to

Prepared by- Krishna Murari Tiwari, TGT-English, JNV Sant Kabir Nagar (U.P.)

Helping verbs or auxiliary verbs such as will, shall, may, might, can, could, must, ought to, should, would, used to, need are used in conjunction with main verbs to express shades of time and mood. The combination of helping verbs with main verbs creates what are called verb phrases or verb strings. In the following sentence, “have to" is helping or auxiliary verb and "study" is the main verb; the whole verb string is underlined:

As of next August, I have to study chemistry for ten years.

Uses of Have, Has and Had

Forms of the verb to have are used to create tenses known as the present perfect and past perfect. The perfect tenses indicate that something has happened in the past; the present perfect indicating that something happened and might be continuing to happen, the past perfect indicating that something happened prior to something else happening. (That sounds worse than it really is!) See the section on Verb Tenses in the Active Voice for further explanation; also review material in the Directory of English Tenses.

1. They have to write a test.
2. She has to clean her desk.
3. Ken and Liz have to learn English words.
4. Andy has to help his brother.
5. We had to do our homework yesterday.
6. He had to write with a pencil in L.K.G.
7. I have to feed the hamster.
8. You have to take photos.
9. Victoria has to read the newspaper.
10. The teacher had to send a text message.

Use of ‘has to, have to, had to

Have to, has to  in the Simple Present

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had to  in the Simple Past

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Interrogatives

To have is also in combination with other modal verbs to express probability and possibility in the past.

As an affirmative statement, to have can express how certain you are that something happened (when combined with an appropriate modal + have + a past participle): "Georgia must have left already." "Clinton might have known about the gifts." "They may have voted already.“

To have (sometimes combined with to get) is used to express a logical inference:

It's been raining all week; the basement has to be flooded by now.

He hit his head on the doorway.

He has got to be over seven feet tall!

Have is often combined with an infinitive to form an auxiliary whose meaning is similar to "must."

I have to have a car like that!

She has to pay her own tuition at college.

He has to have been the first student to try that.

To ask about possibility or probability in the past, a modal is combined with the subject + have + past participle: "Could Clinton have known about the gifts?“

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For short answers, a modal is combined with have: "Did Clinton know about this?“

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"I don't know. He may have." "The evidence is pretty positive.

He must have."

Possibility or Probability

1. Jack had fun at the party last Saturday.
2. I'm sorry, but I have to go now.
3. Have you ever been to Canada?
4. Dave has to pass his driving test.
5. Can we have the bill, please?
6. The match had already started when we arrived.
7. They had breakfast at 6:30 this morning.
8. Do you have a brother?

THANKS