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The Pilgrims Journey

Documentary

Mia Maria Rebane, Marta Liisa Staalfeldt, Katrin Tiido, Heiki Talis Toom

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Origin of Native Americans

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Consensus

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Consensus

Arrived 15 000+ years ago

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Common theories

Pacific Maritime route
Atlantic Maritime route
Bering Strait theory

Pacific Coast theory

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Pacific Maritime route

Anthropology
Linguistics
Murky

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Atlantic Maritime route

Radical
Solutrean points
Similar technology

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Bering Strait theory

1930s
Clovis-first theory

Monte Verde

Debunked

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Clovis

Paleo-Indian culture
15 000- 3 500 BCE
Ex-first americans

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Lifestyle

Nomadic
Scattered bands
Hunted large mammals
Varied diet

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Agricultural

people

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Ancestral Pueblo

(Anasazi)

550-1200 CE
Started in the Mesa Verde
Dispersed in the 1200s
Long history of farming

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Characteristics

Basket weavers
Mix of hunting and farming
Complex economy

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Mississippian culture

1050-1700 CE
Latest cultural shift
Originated from Cahokia

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Characteristics

Shell-clay pottery
Symbolism in pottery
Maize became a staple

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Civilisations

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Mayans

1800 BCE-900 CE
Three sub-areas
Abandoned ?

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Characteristics

Derived traits from Olmecs
Peak population 1-10 million
Smart use of environment
Great artists of Mesoamerica

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Toltec

900-1200 CE
Tollan
Gifted craftsmen
Highly respected
Passed on heritage to the Aztecs

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Aztecs

1200-1521 CE
Likely ex-nomads
Ended by conquistadors

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Characteristics

Market-driven economy
Most densely populated capital: Tenochtitlán
Quetzalcoatl (Feathered serpent)

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Incas

1100-1572 CE
100+ ethnic groups
Ended by invaders

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Characteristics

Well-developed societal structure
Centralised religion and language
Gold was sacred

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Different tribes and their way of life

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Map

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Crow aka Apsaalooke^[1]^[8]

17th century headed west

Montana and Yellowstone River

Mid 1700 they acquired horses
Tepee
Friendship and guardian spirit
Tobacco has an important role
Hunting

First with dogs, later with horses

Clan members protected each other

Respect is shown

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Map

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Cherokee^[9]

Appalachian mountains - Georgia, Tennessee, North/South Carolina
Red (war) and white (peace) towns
Windowless log cabins

A lot of attempts to colonize
After 1800 adapted European methods of farming and homemaking
Trail of Tears

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Map

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Hopi^[10]

Northeastern Arizona
Embrashes monogamy
Matrilineal clans
Named by a women of the father’s clan
Farming and herding sheep + Variety of vegetables and fruits
Snake Dance

Live snakes

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Map

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Yakama aka Waptailmim^[11][12]

Washington
Wildlife management and fisheries
Medicine food gathering
Seasonal First-Food of Thanks and Respect to other beings with whom we share Mother Earth

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Map

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Kickapoo^[14]

South of Great Lakes
3 recognized

Oklahoma, Texas, and Kansas

Feared warriors who took over wide territories
Animism^[13]

Manitours and spirit messengers

Dancing and singing are very important^[13]
Wigwam

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Map

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Tlingit^[15]

“People of the Tides”
Matrilineal kinship system
Southeast Alaskan coast
Semi-sedentary and hunter-gatherers
Culture heavy
Art was found all around
Animism → Ortodox Christianity

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Native Americans and White Settlers

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Legend of Pocahontas^[16]

Jamestown (1607) 10-year-old girl
Matoaka
Daughter of the Great Powhatan
Visits to Jamestown
Converts to Christianity
Married John Rolfe
Helped grow tobacco
Transformed Virginia

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Northwest Ordinance of 1787^[19]

One of several ordinances
Basis for the government of the Northwest Territory
Slavery forever outlawed
Civil liberties
Decent treatment of Indians

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Indian Removal Act of 1830^[19]

Forced relocation of thousands of tribes
“Enable them to pursue happiness”
Trail of Tears
Thousands died on the way there

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Reservations^[19]

Indian Reservation System
Bring Indians under government control
White settlers needed more land
Forced them to behave like white men
Not allowed to leave without permission

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Indian Citizenship Act of 1924^[18]

Calvin Coolidge
“The Snyder Act”
Granted citizenship to Native Americans
Right to vote
Recognition for thousands of Native American soldiers in WWI

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Trail of Broken Treaties of 1972^[19]

Cross-country caravan
Started on the West Coast
Ended in Washington DC
Called for abolition of Bureau of Indian Affairs
Federal investment in jobs, housing, education

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Present situation^[17]

~5 million
72% live in suburban or urban areas
Poverty
Separated from their communities
High rate of alcoholism
Alaska (17%)

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17th century settlements

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First Settlements I [3;5]

1607
The Virginia Company, 104 men
First permanent English settlement

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The Jamestown colony [3;4]

Colonists built a fort
Starvation and diseases
Only 38 settlers survived
Tobacco
First African slaves in 1619

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First Settlements II [6]

Religious issues in the UK
Pilgrim fathers arrived to the US
1620
Cape Cod

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The Puritan (Plymouth) colony [6]

102 colonists
40 Puritans
Pilgrim fathers among them
The first Thanksgiving

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The Mayflower Compact [2]

November 11, 1620
Temporary set of laws
Signed by 41 male colonists
Probably written by pastor William Brewster

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The Mayflower compact established that:

the colonists would remain loyal subjects to King James, despite their need for self-governance
the colonists would create and enact “laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices…” for the good of the colony, and abide by those laws
the colonists would create one society and work together to further it
the colonists would live in accordance with the Christian faith

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Quakers [7]

Arrived to the US in 1650s
Religious Freedom
Persecution

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Thank you for listening!

Any questions ?

CRÉDITS: Ce modèle de présentation a été créé par Slidesgo, comprenant des icônes de Flaticon, des infographies et des images de Freepik

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Used Sources