Warm Up
Combine the two sentences by turning the underlined one into a verbal phrase. Avoid a misplaced modifier.
The painting was a breathtaking masterpiece of vibrant colors and intricate details.
It hung proudly on the museum wall for all to admire.
Warm Up
Combine the two sentences by turning the underlined one into a verbal phrase. Avoid a misplaced modifier.
Hanging proudly on the museum wall for all to admire, the painting was a breathtaking masterpiece of vibrant colors and intricate details.
Sentence Combining
Appositive Phrases & Relative Clauses
What’s an appositive?
� A talented carpenter , John makes furniture from reclaimed wood.
� Max , a former child actor , works in telemarketing.
A noun or noun phrase* that describes or renames a noun right before or after it.
�
�* a noun + some other stuff like an adjective, prepositional phrase, etc.
noun
appositive phrase
noun
appositive phrase
Forming appositives
�Hermione Granger is a student at Hogwarts School. �She is accomplished at spells.
�
When two or more sentences describe the same noun (person, thing) you may be able to combine them with an appositive.
Forming appositives
�Hermione Granger is a student at Hogwarts School. ��She is accomplished at spells.
�
A noun phrase often follows the predicate verb “is,” “was,” or “were.”
noun phrase
verbal
Forming appositives
Hermione Granger, a student at Hogwarts School, is accomplished at spells.
A student at Hogwarts School, Hermione Granger is accomplished at spells.
�
appositive
appositive
Relative Clauses
Often, an appositive can also be written as a relative clause:
� Hermione Granger, a student at Hogwarts School, is accomplished at spells.
� Hermione Granger, who is a student at Hogwarts School, is accomplished at spells.
appositive
relative clause
A relative clause is a dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun* & modifies the noun before it (usually):
who/whom You’re the person who sent me those weird texts.
that My brother works for a company that makes nail polish for dogs.
which She ordered the fish and chips, which always gives her gas.
whose I once knew a man whose favorite color was clear.
where The house where I grew up was destroyed in the alien invasion.
when This is the week when nothing seems to go righht.
�*a relative pronoun relates back to a previous noun (called the antecedent)
What makes it a clause?
�who is a student at Hogwarts School
What makes it a clause?
�who is a student at Hogwarts School
We can replace the relative pronoun with a proper noun. �When we do, we see that the noun is the SUBJECT of the clause.
Hermione is a student at Hogwarts School.
subject
What makes it a clause?
�who is a student at Hogwarts School
We can replace the relative pronoun with a proper noun. �When we do, we see that the noun is the SUBJECT of the clause.
Hermione is a student at Hogwarts School.
subject
subject
What makes it a clause?
�The sweater that I bought online is too small.
Some relative clauses contain a subject in addition to the relative pronoun.
that I bought online
I bought that online.
subject
Forming relative clauses
�My mother is thinking of opening a restaurant.
She is an excellent cook.
�
If both sentences are about the same subject, you may be able to turn one into a relative clause.
Forming relative clauses
�My mother is thinking of opening a restaurant.
She is an excellent cook.
�
If both sentences are about the same subject, you may be able to turn one into a relative clause.
Forming relative clauses
�My mother is thinking of opening a restaurant.
She who is an excellent cook
�
Forming relative clauses
�My mother, who is an excellent cook, is thinking of opening a restaurant.
�
Practice
Combine the two sentences by turning the underlined one into an APPOSITIVE phrase.
The painting was a breathtaking masterpiece of vibrant colors and intricate details.
It hung proudly on the museum wall for all to admire.