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BASIC CONCEPT OF ARDUINO PROGRAMMING

ROBOTRONICSTHE46@GMAIL.COM

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WHAT IS ARDUINO

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online.

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WHY IT IS AN ESSENTIAL PART

Arduino allows users a simple pathway to creating interactive objects that can take input from switches and sensors, and control physical outputs like lights, motors or actuators. Because the language is based on well-used frameworks, Arduino can interact with other software on the computer like Flash or even web APIs like Twitter.

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WHY ARDUINO UNO

  • It simplifies the amount of hardware and software.
  • It provides the number of libraries to make programming the microcontroller easier.
  • It has an easier hardware platform setup and allows programming and serial communication over USB.

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ANALOG PIN VALUE

  • analogRead()
  • Reads the value from the specified analog pin. The Arduino board contains a 6 channel (8 channels on the Mini and Nano, 16 on the Mega), 10-bit analog to digital converter. This means that it will map input voltages between 0 and 5 volts into integer values between 0 and 1023. This yields a resolution between readings of: 5 volts / 1024 units or, .0049 volts (4.9 mV) per unit.
  • It takes about 100 microseconds (0.0001 s) to read an analog input, so the maximum reading rate is about 10,000 times a second.

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DIGITAL PIN VALUE

  • Digital is a way of representing voltage in 1 bit: either 0 or 1. Digital pins on the Arduino are pins designed to be configured as inputs or outputs according to the needs of the user. Digital pins are either on or off. When ON they are in a HIGH voltage state of 5V and when OFF they are in a LOW voltage state of 0V.
  • On the Arduino, When the digital pins are configured as output, they are set to 0 or 5 volts.
  • When the digital pins are configured as input, the voltage is supplied from an external device. This voltage can vary between 0-5 volts which is converted into digital representation (0 or 1). To determine this, there are 2 thresholds:
  • ●      Below 0.8v - considered as 0.
  • ●      Above 2v - considered as 1.

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WHAT IS PWM?�

  • In general, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. A PWM is comprised of two key components:  frequency and duty cycle. The PWM frequency dictates how long it takes to complete a single cycle (period) and how quickly the signal fluctuates from high to low. The duty cycle determines how long a signal stays high out of the total period. Duty cycle is represented in percentage.

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ARDUINO UNO PINOUT - ICSP HEADER�

  • ICSP stands for In-Circuit Serial Programming. The name originated from In-System Programming headers (ISP). Manufacturers like Atmel who work with Arduino have developed their own in-circuit serial programming headers. These pins enable the user to program the Arduino boards’ firmware. There are six ICSP pins available on the Arduino board that can be hooked to a programmer device via a programming cable.

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POWER PIN

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MICROCONTROLLER

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CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR

  • A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a precise frequency.

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USB INTERFACE CHIP

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SPECIFICATION OF ARDUINO UNO

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SPECIFICATION OF MICROCONTROLLER

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Thank you

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That’s all about arduino