NANOTECHNOLOGY

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PRESENTED BY

Dr.S.Karthika Rani

Assistant Professor

Department of Physics

CPA College

Bodinayakanur.

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WHAT IS NANO TECHNOLOGY

Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale which are smaller than 100 nanometres.

• It is the construction items from the bottom up, using techniques and tools being developed today to make complete, high performance products.

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NANO SIZE

• Nanometer is one billionth of a meter.
• The width of an average hair is 100,000 nanometres.

• Human blood cells are 2,000 to 5,000 nm long.

• A strand of DNA has a diameter of 2.5 nm.

Carbon nanotubes

• Long, thin, cylindrical nanostructures which are allotropes of carbon. They are hexagonal lattices of graphite rolled with ends covered by half a fullerene molecule.

• There are Two types:

• Single Wall Nanotube.

• Multi Wall Nanotube.

Single wall

• Zigzag: rolled up graphite sheet.

• Armchair: graphite sheet rolled in a 30 degree chiral angle.

• Chiral Vector: rolled up Graphite sheet at an angle at the axis of the nanotube.

Multi wall

• Torus: bent carbon nanotubes that have magnetic moments and thermal stability.

• Nano - bud: Combined carbon nanotubes and fullerenes which are covalently bonded to the outer sidewall; they are field emitters.

• Cup-stacked: stacked graphene layers that behave as metallic conductors of electron.

Properties

• Strength: nanotubes are strong, hard and stiff from the covalent bonds formed between the carbon atoms.

• Kinetic: The inner nanotubes slide using almost no friction within the outer shell, which creates a linear or rotational bearing.

• Electrical: The unique symmetry of the electronic structure makes it a semiconductor.

• Thermal: Because they exhibit ballistic conduction they are excellent conductors.

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Applications

•  Nanotechnology is useful in:

• Security • Medicine

• Sensors • Detection and Diagnosis

• Communication • Regeneration

• Environment • Treatment

• Renewable Energy • Food

• Remediation • Pesticide Reduction

• Antimicrobial Packaging • Brand Protection

Security

Sensors:

• In order to protect biological and chemical threats, Nano sensors are used to detect radioactive materials or toxins at the molecular and atomic level.

• In public water systems, sensors can test and detect small amounts of contaminations.

Communication

• To protect computers and networks from attack, transistor- like Nano scale devices are integrated into the systems, making it impossible to crack the system.

Environment

• Renewable Energy

• Development of solar panel to collect excessive energy and convert it to hydrogen and then store it.

• Remediation

• To clean up environmental problems, nanoparticles detoxify many contaminants and sense mercury vapour in the air.

Medicine

Detection and Diagnosis:

• Working at the Nano scale can lead to the development of tools to detect multiple life threatening diseases before it overwhelms the body.

• Regeneration:

• Using nanotechnology to make a gel that initiates the growth of nerve cells that are lost or damaged.

• To prevent body from rejecting artificial parts and stimulate the growth of bones and tissues.

• Treatment:

• Nano scale drug carries which recognize diseased tissues and release the drug needed.

• Enter damaged ells and release enzymes causing them to self destruct or repair cell.

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Food

Antimicrobial Packaging:

• Edible food films kills bacteria and detects the presence of E. Coli bacteria. Nano-enhanced barriers keeps food fresher.

Brand Protection:

• Nano barcodes used to tag products and trace outbreaks.

Pesticide Reduction:

• Nano fibres release pesticides to eliminate additional spray and chemicals which can leak in the water supply.

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BENEFITS

• Reduce water shortages

• Reduction of infectious disease

• Improve prices of electronic devices

• Conserve energy

• Protect environment

• Improve medical research and health care

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Thank You