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Care and management of pregnant animals

Dr Alok Kumar

Assistant Professor cum jr. Scientist

Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics

Bihar Veterinary College, BASU. Patna

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Overview of topic

Objectives
Conception management
Pregnancy diagnosis
Nutritional management
Calving Management
Overall health management

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Objectives

Succesfull complition of gestation period
Birth of healthy calf
Absence/neglisible post partum complication
Optimum lactation
Reduced chances of production diseases
Overall health management

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Calving

Early

Lactation

Conception

Mid

Lactation

Late

lactation

Dry period

Conception

Management

Day 0

Day 80

Day 100

Day 130

Implantation

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Pregnancy Diagnosis

Why ??????

Farm economy
Pathology of reproductive system
Feeding management accordingly

Methods of PD

PRE
USG
Hormone assay

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Nutritional management

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Feeding a cow

S.n	feed	indigenous	Cross breed
01	Concentrate feed
1.1	Maintenance	1-1.25 kg/100 kg BW	2kg/100 kg BW
1.2	Lactation	1kg/2.5 kg milk (4 % fat)	1kg/2kg milk (4 % fat)
1.3	Pregnancy allowance	1.25 kg/day at last trimester	1.75 kg/day at last trimester
2	Roughage	4kg/100kg BW	4-5 kg/100kg BW
3	Green fodder	20 kg grass/cereal fodder OR 6 kg legume fodder

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Ration formulation

Ingredients	Quantity (kg)
Maize	40
Rice bran	19
Wheat bran	20 kg
GNC	15 kg
Molasses	03 kg
Mineral sp	02 kg
Salt	01 kg

Ingredients	Quantity (kg)
GNC	15
Gingilly oil cake	14
Jowar	20
Maize	22
Deoiled rice bran	26
Mineral sp	02
Salt	01

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Energy requirement

Maintenance

Lactation

Pregnancy

Last trimester

Time

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Periods of nutrition requirement

Period – 01 (Challenge period)

Period of early lactation
Rapid increase in milk yield
Amount of concentrate should be increased gradually till cow consumes 800-1000 gm conc./100kg BW
Concentrate allowance 500 gm/day for first two weeks

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Periods of nutrition requirement

Period – 02

Period of mid and late lactation
Milk yield remains static
Feeding of balanced ration as per milk yield
Provision of good quality fodder/silage

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Periods of nutrition requirement

Period – 03 (Dry period)

Period of advance pregnancy
Withdrawn/halting of milk removal
Remodeling of mammary tissue and preparatory phase for subsequent lactation
Period divided in two phases
Far-off and Close up periods

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Far-off period�

From beginning of dry period to 03 weeks before calving
Maintaining optimum dietary fiber content�
Limiting energy intake�
Avoiding an overfeeding of crude protein�
Meeting mineral and vitamin requirements.

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Close up period�

Period starts 03 weeks before calving

Transfer animal to separate housing
Feed intake reduces drastically before 07-10 days prepartum
Less volume of feed but high frequency of feeding
Provide energy dense feed having RUDP
60-76 cm feed bunk space to avoid aggressiveness
Provision of adequate bedding material eg. Paddy/sand layer etc

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Nutrient	Units	Far-off Dry Cow	Close-up Dry Cow
Crude protein	%	12-13	14-15
RUDP	% of CP	28	33
NE_L	Mcal/lb	0.57	0.68
NDF	%	> 50	> 40
ADF	%	> 35	> 25
Ca	%	0.40-.50	0.60
P	%	0.25	0.30
Mg	%	0.16	0.20
K	%	0.65	0.65
S	%	0.16	0.16
Vitamin A	IU/day	100,000	100,000
Vitamin D	IU/day	30,000	30,000
Vitamin E	IU/day	400	600-1,000

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Calving Management

Before parturition
Isolate animal from rest of the herd
Provide ample bedding material
Everyday provide Vitamin D supplementation
DO NOT supplement calcium
DO NOT milk animal

During parturition
Primary clinical examination – Rectal\temperature/activity/inspection of vulva
Maintain hygiene around animal

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Management just after parturition

If animal is recumbent – Massage of hind quarter
Observe expulsion of placenta
Discourage/avoid placentophagy
Cleaning of body specially hind quarter with moderate-warm water and added KMNO₄
Provide Luke warm drinking water
Carefully observe animal behavior – if sluggish/mostly recumbent/dull – Provide calcium supplementation

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Overall health management

Vaccination
Pre-calving vaccination with Calf scours
(Rota, corona viruses, E.coli, Clostridium perfringens C, D)
Before breeding – FMD, IBR-IPVV, BVD, Leptospirosis, Vibriosis
Deworming – pre-partum with pregnancy safe anthelmintics, post partum – benzimidazole gp

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“Ease is a greater threat to progress than hardship ”

Date 20/04/2020

Thank you for your patience hearing

Any questions ???????

You can find me at

alok9alright@gmail.com

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