S T U D E N T G U I D E

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Clara Barton

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How did the leadership of Clara Barton impact the nation at the end of the American Civil War?

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Table of Contents

Skills Focus

• Build Your Vocabulary: Frayer Model
• Cornell Notes: Writing About Social Studies

Overview and Connect

• Find Your Purpose for Learning
• Share Your Personal Connection

Read and Check

• Share Your Reflections
• Test Prep Strategy: Context Clues (Optional)

Analyze / Engage with the Text

• Highlight and Annotate

Summarize

• Write a Summary

Develop / Build Your Argument

• Share Your Argument Builder

Draft and Review / Create your CERCA

• Peer Editing Activity
• Reflect on Your Writing

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Extension Activities

• Inquiry to Research: Become a History Detective!
• Inquiry to Research: Asking Questions of the Text
• Roundtable Discussion

Vocabulary Word:�

WAR CASUALTIES

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S K I L L S F O C U S

Build Your Vocabulary: �Frayer Model — War Casualties �

The Frayer Model helps you learn vocabulary from different angles.

1. Look for the vocabulary word in the center circle of the graphic organizer below.
2. In the “examples” box, list examples or synonyms of the word.
3. In the “non-examples” box, write non-examples or antonyms.
4. Next, add facts and characteristics about the word.
5. Finally, write your own definition, or look one up!�

Frayer Model

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S K I L L S F O C U S

Cornell Notes: Writing About Social Studies

Instructions: Take notes on the Direct Instruction lesson using the organizer below. Then summarize and reflect on the next page.

Complete the Direct Instruction lesson online at learn.thinkcerca.com

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S K I L L S F O C U S

Cornell Notes: Writing About Social Studies

Summarize and Reflect

In your own words and in complete sentences, write a 3–4 sentence summary of this Direct Instruction lesson. An accurate summary will cover the lesson's central ideas and include important details to support those ideas.

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Record your summary here:

O V E R V I E W A N D C O N N E C T

Find Your Purpose for Learning

Instructions: When you have finished reading the Overview for this lesson, answer the following questions in the space below:

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What more would you like to learn about Barton’s life and legacy? What do you want to find out about the American Civil War? What would you like to know about the role that women played in the Civil War?

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Read the Overview provided at learn.thinkcerca.com

O V E R V I E W A N D C O N N E C T

Share Your Personal Connection

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Complete the Connect section for this selection at learn.thinkcerca.com

Instructions:�

1. Think: On your own, think about your experiences related to the topic.
2. Pair & Share: With a partner, group, or a trusted listener, share the parts of your response that you feel comfortable sharing.
3. Reflect: If time permits, reflect on your experience. What ideas did others share that you hadn't considered? How were your ideas alike?

R E A D

Share Your Reflections

Instructions: During or after you have finished reading, find the questions in the text marked Pause and Reflect. These questions may help you understand the text, or they may help you connect the text to yourself, to other texts, or to the world around you.

Use the space on the left below to answer the reflection questions. Then discuss your answers, noting how they were similar or different.

Record “Pause and Reflect” answers here:

Record discussion reflections here:

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Refer to the Pause and Reflect questions within the Read section of the lesson at learn.thinkcerca.com.

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S T E P 2 : R E A D

Test Prep Strategy: Context Clues

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When you read, you might come across words that you don’t know. When this happens, look at the words and phrases around that word. You can use these “context clues” to figure out what new words mean!

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Practice using context clues. Review the bold words in the passage. Then, predict what you think each word means based on its context. Finally, go to the “Vocabulary” link to compare your definition to the dictionary definition.

Refer to the reading and vocabulary for this lesson at learn.thinkcerca.com.

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A N A L Y Z E / E N G A G E W I T H T H E T E X T

Highlight and Annotate

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In this step, you will analyze the text closely, then discuss your findings to begin developing reasoning for your argument.

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1. Read the text again, highlighting and annotating important details. ��Follow the prompts provided. The highlighting prompts will help you with the final writing task. ��You will find evidence to support your own argument or informational piece, as well as models of excellence that will help you better understand a writer’s craft in narratives and poetry. The evidence you highlight will be available when you begin building your draft in the next step.

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2. If time permits, pair and share your highlights and annotations with a classmate. Pay close attention to this conversation! Your thinking is important reasoning that you may include in your final draft.

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Return to learn.thinkcerca.com to complete Analyze / Engage with the Text.

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S U M M A R I Z E

Write a Summary

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Summaries help you process your thinking about a text and are often a great way to start off an argumentative or informational essay. A good summary shows you have knowledge about a topic.

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Practicing summarizing also helps you prepare for the main idea questions posed on many standardized assessments. In addition, summarizing is a helpful skill for working with others, such as when you need to confirm your understanding of what someone else has said. That's a useful skill for all parts of life.

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1. Use the sentence stems provided in the online lesson to summarize the text. Your summary should:
1. Be brief
2. Include the main idea and key details
3. Represent these ideas fairly and accurately �
2. If time permits, pair and share with a classmate. Read each other’s summary, and discuss how they are similar or different. What did you say were the main idea and key details? Were your summaries fair and accurate? Why?

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Return to learn.thinkcerca.com to complete Summarize.

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D E V E L O P / B U I L D Y O U R A R G U M E N T

Share your Argument Builder

When you’ve completed the argument building step, share your results with others, and listen to how they responded to the same question. Ask questions, and give feedback to help strengthen your partners’ reasons and evidence.

Complete Develop / Build Your Argument to begin building your argument at learn.thinkcerca.com

D R A F T A N D R E V I E W / C R E A T E Y O U R C E R C A

Peer Editing Activity

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1. Do a self-assessment of your CERCA. Use the online rubric for the lesson on learn.thinkcerca.com, checking each box where you find evidence that you have achieved the criteria.�
2. Next, collaborate with a classmate to read each other’s drafts. Again, use the rubric to evaluate each other’s work.�
3. Share insights into what might make your pieces stronger. Find two positive attributes and one area of growth for each draft you review.�
4. Revise your piece using what you learned from your self-assessment and the feedback from your peers.

Complete your Draft at learn.thinkcerca.com

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D R A F T A N D R E V I E W / C R E A T E Y O U R C E R C A

Reflect on Your Writing

Before you submit your final CERCA, write a brief reflection describing your experience.

An area for growth for me on this piece or in my writing in general is…

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The strongest areas of this piece of writing are…

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Through self-assessment and/or peer editing, I learned…

Extension Activities

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The following activities can be used as extensions to this lesson.

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : I N Q U I R Y T O R E S E A R C H

Become A History Detective!

Background:

Many sources can be used to uncover facts and stories about a person’s life. Typically, these sources include details such as:

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• When and where the person was born
• People and experiences that shaped them
• A career summary
• Major accomplishments
• Why the person is considered important
• Quotations
• Maps
• Photographs and other images
• Timelines First-hand information from primary sources (for example: letters, diary entries, news stories about them) Interviews Ways their leadership changed history

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Historical Investigation

Your mission for this week: You are a historical detective! Uncover details about the life of a historical figure whom you consider a leader. Find at least three sources about this person.

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As you read, take notes about the “who, what, when, where, why, and how” of their life (including how they came to be a leader). Compare what is presented in each source.

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : I N Q U I R Y T O R E S E A R C H

Become A History Detective! (Continued)

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Here are six questions that may help you in your detective work:

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• Who or what is it about?
• What did my leader do?
• When did they live?
• Why were they important?
• How did they become a leader?
• How did they make a difference?

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After you complete your search, ask yourself:

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• Were you able to locate some of the elements listed above?
• If not, what information was hard to find or missing?

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Create:

Use the information from your notes to illustrate key events from this person’s life. Include captions and other text features to explain what is happening in each drawing.

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : I N Q U I R Y T O R E S E A R C H

Become A History Detective! (Continued)

Share

Share the results of your investigation and your illustrations with a classmate. Ask your partner what they know about the leader or the event you explored, and what else they’d like to know about this topic. Repeat the process so that both people have a chance to share and speak. Don’t stop there! Extend the conversation to include other students and schools. You or your teacher can share your work with the ThinkCERCA community by posting content with the hashtag #SparkCourageousThinking.

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : I N Q U I R Y T O R E S E A R C H

Ask Questions of the Texts

As you engage with texts in any subject, you can actively ask questions about the author’s purpose, intended audience, and occasion to understand the message. The table below provides examples.

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : I N Q U I R Y T O R E S E A R C H

Ask Questions of the Texts (continued)

Use the table below to record questions about the text you read.

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : R O U N D T A B L E D I S C U S S I O N

Sharing Additional Research Findings, Learnings, and Experiences

Roundtable discussions offer you the opportunity to share what you’ve learned, as well as to ask questions and learn from others. Come to the discussion prepared to share your key findings. Use the organizer on the next page.

How the discussion works:

1. Choose a group leader who will help lead the roundtable discussion, and select a member of the group to go first.
2. Go around the group, allowing each participant to share a quick review of their their key findings.
3. When not presenting, take notes, summarizing key findings of your peers. Snap silently to show gratitude, appreciation, or interest!
4. After each presenter, take a moment for participants to ask questions or summarize what they just heard. Each participant should ask at least one question or summarize what someone else presented at least once during the discussion.
5. When complete, the presenter “passes the mic” to the next presenter.

Remember, it’s important to value dialogue and appreciate different perspectives. Learning from and understanding people who think differently or have different experiences is part of the process of growth! You don’t have to agree to learn from another perspective!

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : R O U N D T A B L E D I S C U S S I O N

Discussion Notes

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