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V8: Hooking up the Ignition to the Turbofan

Leszek Swirski & Ross McIlroy

Google London

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Ignition + Turbofan pipeline

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Why a new pipeline?

Reduce memory usage

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Why a new pipeline?

Reduce memory usage

�

Reduce startup time

33% of time spent parsing + compiling

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Why a new pipeline?

Reduce memory usage

�

Reduce startup time

�

Reduce complexity

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Compiler Pipeline (2008)

Codegen

Semi-optimized Code

Baseline

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Compiler Pipeline (2010)

Crankshaft

Optimized Code

Optimized

Full- codegen

Unoptimized Code

Baseline

Optimize

Deoptimize

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Compiler Pipeline (2015)

Crankshaft

Optimized Code

TurboFan

Optimized

Full- codegen

Unoptimized Code

Baseline

Optimize

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Compiler Pipeline (2015)

Crankshaft

Optimized Code

TurboFan

Optimized

Full- codegen

Unoptimized Code

Baseline

Optimize

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Compiler Pipeline (2016)

Crankshaft

Optimized Code

TurboFan

Optimized

Full- codegen

Unoptimized Code

Baseline

Optimize

Ignition

Bytecode

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Compiler Pipeline (2016)

Crankshaft

Optimized Code

TurboFan

Optimized

Full- codegen

Unoptimized Code

Baseline

Optimize

Ignition

Bytecode

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Compiler Pipeline (Svelte Devices)

Crankshaft

Optimized Code

TurboFan

Optimized

Full- codegen

Unoptimized Code

Baseline

Optimize

Ignition

Bytecode

Interpreted

Optimize

Baseline

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Compiler Pipeline (Svelte Devices)

Crankshaft

Optimized Code

TurboFan

Optimized

Full- codegen

Unoptimized Code

Baseline

Optimize

Ignition

Bytecode

Interpreted

Optimize

Baseline

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Compiler Pipeline (2017)

Optimized Code

TurboFan

Optimized

Ignition

Bytecode

Interpreted

Optimize

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Bytecode to graph

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Ignition to Turbofan

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

function f(a, b) {� var result = a + b;� if (a > b) {

result = a - b;� }� return result;�}

Text

Bytecode

(Ignition)

Sea-of-nodes graph

(Turbofan)

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Executing bytecode

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

0x00000004

0x00000010

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

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Executing bytecode

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

0x00000004

0x00000010

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

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Executing bytecode

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

0x00000004

0x00000010

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

0x00000010

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Executing bytecode

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

0x00000004

0x00000010

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

0x00000014

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Executing bytecode

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

0x00000004

0x00000010

a0

a1

0x00000014

r0

Accumulator

0x00000014

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Executing bytecode

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

0x00000004

0x00000010

a0

a1

0x00000014

r0

Accumulator

0x00000010

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Executing bytecode

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

0x00000004

0x00000010

a0

a1

0x00000014

r0

Accumulator

0x00000010

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Executing bytecode

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

0x00000004

0x00000010

a0

a1

0x00000014

r0

Accumulator

0x00000000

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Executing bytecode

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

0x00000004

0x00000010

a0

a1

0x00000014

r0

Accumulator

0x00000000

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Executing bytecode

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

0x00000004

0x00000010

a0

a1

0x00000014

r0

Accumulator

0x00000014

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Executing bytecode

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

0x00000004

0x00000010

a0

a1

0x00000014

r0

Accumulator

0x00000014

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Building a graph

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

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Building a graph

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

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Building a graph

2:Parameter[2]

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

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Building a graph

2:Parameter[2]

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

1:Parameter[1]

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Building a graph

4:JSAdd

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

1:Parameter[1]

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Building a graph

4:JSAdd

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

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Building a graph

4:JSAdd

2:Parameter[2]

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

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Building a graph

4:JSAdd

2:Parameter[2]

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

1:Parameter[1]

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Building a graph

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

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Building a graph

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

6:Branch

7:IfTrue

8:IfFalse

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Building a graph

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

6:Branch

7:IfTrue

8:IfFalse

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Building a graph

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

6:Branch

7:IfTrue

8:IfFalse

22:

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

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Building a graph

2:Parameter[2]

4:JSAdd

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

6:Branch

7:IfTrue

8:IfFalse

22:

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

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Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

4:JSAdd

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

9:JSSubtract

22:

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

2:Parameter[2]

1:Parameter[1]

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Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

9:JSSubtract

4:JSAdd

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

9:JSSubtract

22:

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

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Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

9:JSSubtract

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

9:JSSubtract

22:

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

9:JSSubtract

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Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

9:JSSubtract

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

9:JSSubtract

22:

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

9:JSSubtract

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Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

9:JSSubtract

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

9:JSSubtract

22:

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

9:JSSubtract

10:Merge

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Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

9:JSSubtract

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

9:JSSubtract

22:

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

9:JSSubtract

10:Merge

11:Phi

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Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

11:Phi

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

9:JSSubtract

22:

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

9:JSSubtract

10:Merge

11:Phi

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Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

11:Phi

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

9:JSSubtract

22:

9:JSSubtract

10:Merge

11:Phi

12:Phi

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

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Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

11:Phi

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

9:JSSubtract

22:

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

12:Phi

10:Merge

11:Phi

12:Phi

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Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

11:Phi

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

9:JSSubtract

11:Phi

10:Merge

11:Phi

12:Phi

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51 of 82

Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

11:Phi

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

9:JSSubtract

11:Phi

10:Merge

11:Phi

12:Phi

13:Return

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Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

4:JSAdd

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

9:JSSubtract

22:

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

2:Parameter[2]

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Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

4:JSAdd

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

22:

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

2:Parameter[2]

9:FrameState

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Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

4:JSAdd

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

22:

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

2:Parameter[2]

9:FrameState

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Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

4:JSAdd

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

22:

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

2:Parameter[2]

9:FrameState

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Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

4:JSAdd

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

22:

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

2:Parameter[2]

9:FrameState

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Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

4:JSAdd

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

10:JSSubtract

22:

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

2:Parameter[2]

9:FrameState

1:Parameter[1]

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Building a graph

7:IfTrue

6:Branch

4:JSAdd

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

1:Parameter[1]

2:Parameter[2]

0:Start

2:Parameter[2]

3:StackCheck

4:JSAdd

5:JSGreater

8:IfFalse

10:JSSubtract

22:

5:JSGreater

4:JSAdd

Registers

r0

Accumulator

Parent

8:IfFalse

2:Parameter[2]

9:FrameState

1:Parameter[1]

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Building a graph

0xba8320fd

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

0x1237ab57

0xfe902ab5

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Building a graph

0xba8320fd

0 : 7d StackCheck

1 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

3 : 28 03 02 Add a0, [2]

6 : 1d fa Star r0

8 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

10 : 4f 03 03 TestGreaterThan a0, [3]

13 : 74 09 JumpIfFalse [9] (@22)

15 : 1c 02 Ldar a1

17 : 29 03 04 Sub a0, [4]

20 : 1d fa Star r0

22 : 1c fa Ldar r0

24 : 81 Return

Parameters

Registers

a0

a1

r0

Accumulator

0x1237ab57

0xad80b1cf

0xfe902ab5

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Bytecode Restrictions to Simplifying Graph Creation

Always deopt to a bytecode
Well-scoped basic blocks

Exception handlers cover a single linear range of bytecode

No irreducible control flow
Single backwards-branch to loop header
Registers in loop-closed form

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Static analysis of bytecode

Pre-analyze bytecode before building graph

Liveness analysis (for deoptimisation frame states)
Loop assignment analysis (for loop phis)

Don’t generate unnecessary nodes

Avoid memory overhead (40+ bytes per node)
Avoid graph traversals

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Liveness analysis

Previously iterated traversal over basic blocks

Create liveness maps and state value nodes during graph building
Re-create state value nodes based on liveness afterward

Now iterated passes over bytecode array

State value nodes created only once

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Liveness analysis

Previously iterated traversal over basic blocks

Create liveness maps and state value nodes during graph building
Re-create state value nodes based on liveness afterward

Now iterated passes over bytecode array

State value nodes created only once

100 MB (21%)

56 ms

(12%)

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Liveness analysis

Previously iterated traversal over basic blocks

Create liveness maps and state value nodes during graph building
Re-create state value nodes based on liveness afterward

Now iterated passes over bytecode array

State value nodes created only once

93 MB (2.5%)

114 ms

(1.1%)

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Liveness analysis

Previously iterated traversal over basic blocks

Create liveness maps and state value nodes during graph building
Re-create state value nodes based on liveness afterward

Now iterated passes over bytecode array

State value nodes created only once

21%

6.8%

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Burning away complex control (Generators)

Javascript Generators can yield expressions at arbitrary points

Can introduce irreducible control flow
Solution: transform into switch statements on hidden token in prologue and loop headers
Result: Turbofan doesn’t need to know anything about generator control flow

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Burning away complex control (Generators)

function* f() {

var i = 0;

while (true) {

yield i++;� }

}

function f(hidden_token) {

switch(hidden_token)

case %normal%: break;

case %resume%: goto loop;

var i = 0;

loop:

switch(hidden_token)

case %normal%: break;

case %resume%: goto resume;

hidden_token = %resume%;

return i++;

resume:

hidden_token = %normal%;� goto loop;

}

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Burning away complex control (try-finally)

try-finally exception handlers

Exit differently depending on what triggered the finally block (fall-through, return or throw)
Solution: switch statement at end of finally block
Result: Turbofan doesn’t need to know anything about try-finally control flow

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Burning away complex control (try-finally)

try {

if a() return;

} finally {

b();

}�

try:

if a() {

finally_token = %return%;

goto finally;

}

finally_token = %fallthrough%;

goto finally;

throw_handler:

finally_token = %throw%;

finally:

b();

switch(finally_token)

case %return%: return;

case %throw%: rethrow();

case %fallthrough%: break;

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Performance Results

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Code Memory Usage (Real Websites)

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Ignition vs Full-Codegen

Octane (Nexus 5)�Crankshaft and TurboFan disabled

Better

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Ignition vs Full-Codegen

Octane (Nexus 5)�Crankshaft and TurboFan disabled

Better

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Octane Performance

Full-Codegen + Crankshaft

Ignition + Crankshaft

Ignition + Turbofan

Better

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Octane Performance

Full-Codegen + Crankshaft

Ignition + Crankshaft

Ignition + Turbofan

40% slower

75% slower

<5% slower

15% slower

Better

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Speedometer Performance

Better

Full-Codegen + Crankshaft

Ignition + Crankshaft

Ignition + Turbofan

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Speedometer Performance

Better

Full-Codegen + Crankshaft

Ignition + Crankshaft

Ignition + Turbofan

14% slower

<1% slower

10% slower

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Startup Time (Real Websites)

Inbox

BBC News (AMP)

Facebook

Page Load (ms)

Default

Ignition

Default

Ignition

Default

Ignition

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Startup Time (Real Websites)

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Where time is spent (Real Websites)

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Summary

Ignition + Turbofan is the future of V8
Restrictions on bytecode can simplify optimized graph creation
Optimizing for real-world exposes different trade-offs

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