1

2

OBJECTIVES

At the completion of this unit, students will be able to;

1. Define the term Joint
2. Describe three types of Joint
1. Fibrous joint
2. Cartilaginous joint
3. Synovial joint.
3. Describe the common characteristic feature of a synovial joint.
4. List the types of synovial joint.
5. Discuss the types of movements possible at synovial joints.

3

1. Define the term Joint

4

Define the term Joint

The place where two or more bones fit or articulate together with help of ligaments or cartilages is called a joint.

• A ligament is an elastic band of tissue that connects bone to bone and provides stability to the joint.
• Cartilage is a soft, gel-like padding between bones that protects joints and facilitates movement.
• The scientific study of joints is called “Arthrology”.

5

2. Describe three types of Joint

6

Describe three types of Joint

The joint are classified based on structurally and functionally.

​

Structurally joints are type of tissue present between the joints as;

• Fibrous joints
• Cartilaginous joints
• Synovial joints

​

Functionally joints are type of movement present between the joints as;

• Synarthrosis (immovable joint)
• Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable joint)
• Diarthrosis (freely movable joint)

7

Fibrous joints

• The fibrous joint is held together by fibrous connective tissue. There is no movement at this joint
• It is Synarthrosis (immovable joint).

Example;

1. Sutures of the skull.
2. Gomphoses (Between teeth and bony sockets

in mouth).

8

Cartilaginous joints

• The bones are connected by hyaline cartilage and ligaments and allow only a limited degree of movement and found on many joint surfaces.
• It is Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable joint).
• Example;
• Synchondroses (ribs & Sternum)
• Symphyses (vertebrae & pubis joint

between 2 pubic bones)

9

Synovial joint

• A synovial joint, also known as a diarthrosis the presence of a fluid-filled joint cavity that allows for a wide range of motion. Most of the joints in our body are synovial joint.
• example:
• Ball & socket joint
• Hinge joint

10

3. Describe the common characteristic feature of a synovial joint

11

• The fibrous capsule (capsular ligament) is lined with a synovial membrane.
• This membrane secretes synovial fluid into the synovial cavity
• Synovial fluid acts as a seal, waterproofing the joint, lubricates the joint.
• The bones are also attached and held together by strong, tough ligaments made of dense connective tissue.
• These ligaments prevent dislocation during normal movement.

12

4. List the types of synovial joint

13

List the types of synovial joint

There are six (06) types of synovial joints:

• Ball & socket joints
• Hinge joints
• Pivot joints
• Saddle joints
• Condyloid joints
• Gliding joints

14

1. Ball & socket joint

• These joints are formed where the rounded head of one bone fits into the hollow, cup-shaped socket of another bone such as the shoulder joint and the hip joint. Such joints allow freedom of movement in all directions e.g. Hip joint & shoulder joint.

15

2. Hinge joints

• These joints are formed when the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone, making movement possible in one plane only e.g. flexion and extension as in the elbow, knee and interphalangeal joints.

16

Knee

3. Pivot joints

• The joint is formed when a bony ring rotates round the pivot (axis) of another bone allowing the head to turn from side to side Or the end of one bone rotates round the axis of another bone such as the end of the radius rotating around the ulna as the palm of the hand is turned inwards or outwards e.g. radio-ulna, atlas/axis

17

4. Saddle joints

• This type of joint is formed when the touching surfaces of two bones have both concave and convex regions allowing rotation in two directions. The only saddle joint in the body is in the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.

18

5. Condyloid joints

• Oval shaped condyle fits into oval cup shaped or slightly concave and slightly convex end of another bone allowing angular motion but not rotation. Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction but no axial rotation (rotation at its own axis) e.g. Wrist joint, Metacarpophalangeal joints, Metatarsophalangeal joints (toes).

19

6. Gliding joints

• This type of joint allows gliding movements between flat or slightly curves surfaces as the surfaces slide over one another. Only a limited amount of movement is allowed e.g. Joints between clavicles and the sternum, joints between the carpal bones and joints between the tarsal bones.

20

5. Discuss the types of movements possible at synovial joints.

21

Discuss the types of movements possible at synovial joints.

Possible movements occur only at certain joints, they include on table

22

23

24

If you have any…!

​

Questions…?

or

Confusion…?

25

Good luck�

26

We respect your valuable time with nursing mastery!

If you have any questions, please reach us

www.nursingmastery.pk