JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA SATARA, �R.O.-PUNE.

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CLASS VII

BOOK-HONEYCOMB (Text Book.)

LESSON --THE STORY OF CRICKET.

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CLASS --VII

• LESSON- THE STORY OF CRICKET
• PART -- 1,2,3.
• WRITER --RAMCHANDRA GUHA
• ADOPTED FROM ---India and the Contemporary World--1 Text Book In History- NCERT.

LESSON -THE STORY OF CRICKET

OBJECTIVES --

• To inculcate quality of playing different games.
• To know the history of Cricket.
• To get detail knowledge about the development of cricket since last 500 years.
• To know about the development of cricket Laws and changes in it.
• To get knowledge of changes in the shape and size of cricket equipments and different grounds.

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INTRODUCTION --

• Sports is an indispensible part of students life. Each one of you have different hobby. Most of you like to play cricket. It is better for healthy life.
• Cricket is a different game than other games because we can compete ourselves in this game as well as we amuse ourselves. It is an international game.
• How many of you know detail about Cricket?
• How many of you know the story of Cricket?
• Let us know the story of cricket through this lesson.

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THE STORY OF CRICKET.�PART -1

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Cricket grew out of the many stick and ball games played in England 500 years ago. The word ‘bat’ is an old English word that simply means stick or club. By the seventeenth century, cricket had evolved enough to be recognisable as a distinct game. Till the middle of the eighteenth century, bats were roughly the same shape as hockey sticks, curving outwards at the bottom.

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THE STORY OF CRICKET.PART 1

There was a simple reason for this: the ball was bowled under arm, along the ground and the curve at the end of the bat gave the batsman the best chance of making contact.

One of the peculiarities of cricket is that a Test match can go on for five days and still end in a draw. No other modern team sport takes even half as much time to complete. A football match is generally over in an hour-and-a-half. Even baseball completes nine innings in less than half the time that it takes to play a limited-overs match,the shortened version of modern cricket!

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GLOSSARY--

• to evolve = to develop.
• distinct === noticable.
• draw == result of a game neither wins or loses.
• Sentences 1) Modern man evolved a long time ago. 2) Gold is distinct from iron.
• 3) He drew a great benefit from his memebership.

THE STORY OF CRICKET.PART 1

Another curious characteristic of cricket is that the length of the pitch is specified—22 yards—but the size or shape of the ground is not. Most other team sports such as hockey and football lay down the dimensions of the playing area.

Cricket grounds can be oval like the Adelaide Oval or nearly circular, like Chepauk in Chennai. A six at the Melbourne Cricket Ground needs to clear much more ground than it does at Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi.

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ADELAIDE OVAL

CHEPAUK IN CHENNAI. MELBOURNE CRICKET GROUND�

.THE STORY OF CRICKET.PART 1��

• There is a historical reason behind both these oddities. Cricket was the earliest modern team sport to be codified. The first written ‘Laws of Cricket’ were drawn up in 1744. They stated,“the principals shall choose from amongst the gentlemen present two umpires who shall absolutely decide all disputes. The stumps must be 22 inches high and the bail across them six inches. The ball must be between five and six ounces, and the two sets of stumps 22 yards apart”..

GLOSSARY--�

• oddity = an odd /strange thing/opinion
• to be codified = code of law.
• disputes = quarrel /fight between two group.
• Sentences ==
• 1) No one is agreed to his odd statement.
• 2) The task force spentmonths on codification of their mandate.
• 3) Now there is dispute between America and China.

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�THE STORY OF CRICKET.PART 1��

The world’s first cricket club was formed in Hambledon in the1760s and the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) was founded in 1787. During the 1760s and 1770s it became common to pitch the ball through the air rather than roll it along the ground. This change gave bowlers the options of length, deception through the air, plus increased pace. It also opened new possibilities for spin and swing. In response, batsmen had to master timing and shot selection.

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THE STORY OF CRICKET.PART 1�

One immediate result was the replacement of the curved bat with the straight one. The weight of the ball was limited to between 5½ to 5½ ounces, and the width of the bat to four inches. In 1774, the first leg-before law was published. Also around this time, a third stump became common.

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THE STORY OF CRICKET.PART 1�

By 1780, three days had become the length of a major match, and this year also saw the creation of the first six-seam cricket ball. The pavilion of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in 1874 length: the distance from the batsman at which the ball pitches deception through the air: The ball is no longer rolled along the ground but sent through the air. Hence the possible variety or deception’ in bowling. shot selection: choice of strokes not to be republished If you look at the game’s equipment, you can see how cricket both changed with changing times and yet fundamentally remained true to its origins in rural England. Cricket’s most important tools are all made of natural, preindustrial materials. The bat is made with leather, twine and cork.

THE STORY OF CRICKET.PART 1�

Even today both bat and ball are handmade, not industrially manufactured. The material of the bat changed slightly over time. Once it was cut out of a single piece of wood. Now it consists of two pieces, the blade which is made out of the wood of the willow tree and the handle which is made out of cane that became available as European colonialisalists and trading companies established themselves in Asia. Unlike golf and tennis, cricket has refused to remake its tools with industrial or man-made materials: plastic, fibre glass and metal have been firmly rejected.

THE STORY OF CRICKET.PART 1�

• Cricket has refused not to be republished refused to remake its tools with industrial or man-made materials: plastic, fibre glass and metal have been firmly rejected. But in the matter of protective equipment, cricket has been influenced by technological change. The invention of vulcanised rubber led to the introduction of pads in 1848 and protective gloves soon afterwards, and the modern game would be unimaginable without helmets made out of metal and synthetic lightweight materials.

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THE STORY OF CRICKET.PART 2

• The origins of Indian cricket are to be found in Bombay and the first Indian community to start playing the game was the small community of Zoroastrians, the Parsis. Brought into close contact with the British because of their interest in trade and the first Indian community to westernise, the Parsis founded the first Indian cricket club, theOriental Cricket Club, in Bombay in 1848. Parsi clubs were funded and sponsored by Parsi businessmen like the Tatas and the Wadias.

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THE STORY OF CRICKET.PART 2�

• The white cricket elite in India offered no help to the enthusiastic Parsis. In fact, there was a quarrel between the Bombay Gymkhana, a whites-only club, and Parsi cricketers over the use of a public park. The Parsis complained that the park was left unfit for cricket because the polo ponies of the Bombay Gymkhana dug up the surface. When it became clear that the colonial authorities were prejudiced in favour of their white compatriots, the Parsis built their own gymkhana to play cricket. The rivalry between the Parsis and the Bombay Gymkhana had a happy ending for these pioneers of Indian cricket. A Parsi team beat the Bombay Gymkhana at cricket in 1889.

THE STORY OF CRICKET.PART 2�

• Just four years after the foundation of the Indian National Congress in 1885, an organisation that was lucky to have amongst its early leaders the great Parsi statesman and intellectual Dadabhai Naoroji.
• Modern cricket is dominated by Tests and one-day internationals, played between national teams. The players who become famous, who live on in the memories of cricket’s public, are those who have played for their country. The players Indian fans remember even now are those who were fortunate enough to play Test cricket. C.K. Nayudu, an outstanding Indian batsman of his time, lives on in the popular imagination when some........

THE STORY OF CRICKET.PART 2�

• .......When some of his great contemporaries like Palwankar Vithal and Palwankar Baloo have been forgotten. Even though Nayudu was past his cricketing prime when he played for India in its first Test matches against England starting in 1932, his place in India’s cricket history is assured because he was the country’s first Test captain. India entered the world of Test cricket in 1932, a decade and a half before it became an independent nation.

THE STORY OF CRICKET.PART 2�

• This was possible because Test cricket from its origins in 1877 was organised as a contest between different parts of the British empire, not sovereign nations. The first Test was played between England and Australia when Australia was still a white-settler colony. Similarly, the small countries of the Caribbean that together make up the West Indies team were British colonies till well after the Second World War.

THE STORY OF CRICKET.PART 3�

• Television coverage changed cricket. It expanded the audience for the game by beaming cricket into small towns and villages. It also broadened cricket’s social base. Children who had never previously had the chance to watch international cricket because they lived outside the big cities, could now watch and learn by imitating their heroes.

THE STORY OF CRICKET.PART 3

• The technology of satellite television and the world-wide reach of multi-national television companies created a global market for cricket. Matches in Sydney could now be watched live in Surat. Since India had the largest viewership for the game amongst the cricket-playing nations and the largest market in the cricketing world, the game’s centre of gravity shifted to South Asia. This shift was symbolised by the shifting of the ICC headquarters from London to tax-free Dubai.

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THE STORY OF CRICKET.PART 3�

• One hundred and fifty years ago the first Indian cricketers, the Parsis, had to struggle to find an open space to play in. Today, the global marketplace has made Indian players the best-paid, most famous cricketers in the game, men for whom the world is a stage. This transformation was made up of many smaller changes: the replacement of the gentlemanly amateur by the paid professional, the triumph of the one-day game as it overshadowed Test cricket in terms of popularity, and the remarkable changes in global commerce and technology.