1 of 14

Fragmentation cross sections of 165 A MeV 132Xe on Lead Target

Reporter: Miao-Miao Xue

Supervisors: Dong-Hai Zhang and Jun-Sheng Li

Date: August 23, 2026

2 of 14

Charge-changing cross sections are crucial for nuclear structure, cosmic ray propagation, and heavy-ion therapy.

Motivation

Existing data for 132Xe+Pb system are limited.

No direct measurement exists at~165 A MeV, leaving a critical gap for model validation in the intermediate-energy region.

We measured the total and partial charge-changing cross sections at 165 A MeV using CR-39 detectors.

3 of 14

Pb target

Procedure

Projectile fragment

Unreacted beam

Projectile fragment

CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detector

¹³²Xe beam, initial energy 290 A MeV​

4 of 14

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Irradiation

Beam perpendicularly irradiated through CR-39 stacks and Pb targets

Chemical etching

70°C, 6 mol/L NaOH, 30 h

Scanning

HSP-1000 high-speed microscope, both surfaces

Analysis

Pit-Fit software for automatic fitting+ manual verification; track matching between upstream and downstream detectors

Procedure

5 of 14

Chemical etching

Procedure

vBt

Etched surface

Ion trajectory

Damaged region

Chemical etching

Initial surface

vTt

6 of 14

Scanning(HSP-1000 high-speed microscope)

Analysis

Procedure

7 of 14

Peak fitting: Multi-peak Gaussian fitting resolves continuous fragment distributions into individual charge states.

Track etch area distribution of fragments from 165 A MeV ¹³²Xe + Pb fragmentation

Charge Calibration

8 of 14

CR-39 track etch area increases approximately linearly with the incident particle's charge number Z.

Track etch area as a function of charge number Z for 165 A MeV ¹³²Xe + Pb fragments.

Calibration curve

9 of 14

Formula

 

 

Bradt-Peters Formula

 

Result

 

Total Charge-Changing Cross Section

Result

Preliminary experimental results

10 of 14

Total Charge-Changing Cross Section

 

 

11 of 14

Formula

 

Measurements

 

Partial Charge-Changing Cross Sections

 

 

PRELIMINARY DATA

Preliminary experimental results

12 of 14

Partial Charge-Changing Cross Sections

Comparison of partial charge-changing cross sections with EPAX3 and FRACS predictions for 165 A MeV ¹³²Xe + Pb

PRELIMINARY DATA

13 of 14

of charge-changing cross sections at ~165 A MeV for ¹³²Xe + Pb

First direct measurement

 

 

Total charge-changing cross section

Benchmark for model improvement

Fill the energy gap

Conclusion

 

14 of 14

THANKS