Warm Up
There’s a password for today’s activity. Can you use your skills from yesterday to solve it?
Solve the alphabetic shift cipher!
AFCPPW RPCCQ
Advance to start a 5 minute timer
🕒
Warm Up
There’s a password for today’s activity. Can you use your skills from yesterday to solve it?
Solve the alphabetic shift cipher!
AFCPPW RPCCQ
...the answer is...
...the answer is...
+2 decipher algorithm
*Strategy: Trial-and-error (AKA “brute force”)
AFCPPW RPCCQ
BGDQQX SQDDR
CHERRY TREES
From Tables to Graphs
PART 2
5
Data Visualization
LET’S TALK REAL QUICK ABOUT
Is a scatter plot the right way to tell this data’s story?
1 min
REVIEW
Data Visualization
Being able to read and interpret graphs gives all of us power–just like being able to read and write.
Data visualization is using graphs to present information and data.
It helps us understand the story of the data.
Data Visualization
Being able to read and interpret graphs gives all of us power–just like being able to read and write.
Data visualization is using graphs to present information and data.
It helps us understand the story of the data.
Yesterday we looked at Scatterplots.
Today we are going to look at Histograms.
Histograms
PART 2a:
What is a histogram?
A graph that shows the spread of data.
What is a histogram?
A graph that shows the spread of data.
Made by counting the number of data points that fall into ranges, called bins.
Bin
1
Bin
2
Bin
3
Bin
4
Bin
5
0
A real world example
Histogram Practice
A researcher measured the heights of a bunch of Cherry Trees.
Histogram Practice
A researcher measured the heights of a bunch of Cherry Trees.
71 ft
65’
76’
81’
74’
+
+
+
Histogram Practice
These are all the measurements of the cherry trees, in feet.
70
65
63
72
81
83
66
75
80
75
79
76
76
69
75
74
85
86
71
64
78
80
74
72
77
81
82
80
80
80
87
Histogram Practice
What is the range of the data set?
70
65
63
72
81
83
66
75
80
75
79
76
76
69
75
74
85
86
71
64
78
80
74
72
77
81
82
80
80
80
87
Range: �Highest and lowest values in a set of numbers
Show with a number of fingers
(Options on next slide)
Histogram Practice
70
65
63
72
81
83
What is the range of the data set?
66
75
80
75
79
76
76
69
75
74
85
86
71
64
78
80
74
72
77
81
82
80
80
80
87
CHOICES
1: 87
2: 80
3: 70 to 87
4: 63 to 87
5: 70 to 80
Histogram Practice
What is the range of the data set?
70
65
63
72
81
83
66
75
80
75
79
76
76
69
75
74
85
86
71
64
78
80
74
72
77
81
82
80
80
80
87
CHOICES
1: 87
2: 80
3: 70 to 87
4: 63 to 87
5: 70 to 80
Histogram Practice
The range is 63 to 87
70
65
63
72
81
83
66
75
80
75
79
76
76
69
75
74
85
86
71
64
78
80
74
72
77
81
82
80
80
80
87
But how evenly is the data spread?
Histogram Practice
The range is 63 to 87
70
65
63
72
81
83
66
75
80
75
79
76
76
69
75
74
85
86
71
64
78
80
74
72
77
81
82
80
80
80
87
But how evenly is the data spread?
Are there more high numbers, or low numbers?
Histogram Practice
The range is 63 to 87
70
65
63
72
81
83
66
75
80
75
79
76
76
69
75
74
85
86
71
64
78
80
74
72
77
81
82
80
80
80
87
But how evenly is the data spread?
Are there more high numbers, or low numbers?
Are most of the trees older or younger?
Histogram Practice
The range is 63 to 87
70
65
63
72
81
83
66
75
80
75
79
76
76
69
75
74
85
86
71
64
78
80
74
72
77
81
82
80
80
80
87
But how evenly is the data spread?
Are there more high numbers, or low numbers?
Are most of the trees older or younger?
Histograms help us see these patterns at a glance.
Histogram Practice
Now we’ll start graphing the data in a �Dot Plot, a graph similar to a histogram but a bit easier to understand.
Histogram Practice
Now we’ll start graphing the data in a �Dot Plot, a graph similar to a histogram but a bit easier to understand.
Each data point is represented on a graph as a single dot.
Histogram Practice - Dot Plot
70
65
63
72
81
83
66
75
80
75
79
76
76
69
75
74
85
86
71
64
78
80
74
72
77
81
82
80
80
80
87
Record each measurement as a point on the graph
Histogram Practice - Dot Plot
70
65
63
72
81
83
66
75
80
75
79
76
76
69
75
74
85
86
71
64
78
80
74
72
77
81
82
80
80
80
87
Histogram Practice - Dot Plot
70
65
63
72
81
83
66
75
80
75
79
76
76
69
75
74
85
86
71
64
78
80
74
72
77
81
82
80
80
80
87
Histogram Practice - Dot Plot
70
65
63
72
81
83
66
75
80
75
79
76
76
69
75
74
85
86
71
64
78
80
74
72
77
81
82
80
80
80
87
Histogram Practice - Dot Plot
70
65
63
72
81
83
66
75
80
75
79
76
76
69
75
74
85
86
71
64
78
80
74
72
77
81
82
80
80
80
87
1 tree was 65’ tall
5 trees were 80’ tall
All points have been plotted
Histogram Practice
Now we can turn this Dot Plot into a Histogram by binning the data.
>60’- 65’
>65’- 70’
>70’- 75’
>75’- 80’
>80’- 85’
>85’- 90’
Tree Height (feet)
Binning: �Separating data into sets of ranges.
Combining data points �into bins
<1 min
Histogram Practice
Now we can turn this Dot Plot into a Histogram by binning the data.
Binning: �Separating data into sets of ranges
>60’- 65’
>65’- 70’
>70’- 75’
>75’- 80’
>80’- 85’
>85’- 90’
Tree Height (feet)
If a tree is taller than 60’, and up to 65’ tall, it goes in this bin.
Histogram Practice
Now we can turn this Dot Plot into a Histogram by binning the data.
>60’- 65’
>65’- 70’
>70’- 75’
>75’- 80’
>80’- 85’
>85’- 90’
Tree Height (feet)
If a tree is 65.1’, it goes in this bin, because it is >65’.
Binning: �Separating data into sets of ranges
Histogram Practice
When we bin the data, this Dot Plot is almost a Histogram.
>60’- 65’
>65’- 70’
>70’- 75’
>75’- 80’
>80’- 85’
>85’- 90’
Tree Height (feet)
In a histogram, the bars go up to the height of the dots (the number of trees in the bin)
Histogram Practice
This is a Histogram.
PART 2b
Analyzing the Data
Organizing and exploring data to unlock its meaning
Analyzing the Data
What is the most common range of tree heights?
Another way of asking the question:
(Which bin has the most trees?)
Analyzing the Data
What is the most common range of tree heights? (Which bin has the most trees?)
75’-80’
Analyzing the Data
What is the most common range of tree heights? 75’ - 80’
What is the range of the whole data set?
Analyzing the Data
What is the most common bin for the tree heights? 75’ - 80’
What is the range of the whole data set?
60’-90’
Analyzing the Data
What is the most common range of tree heights? 75’ - 80’
What is the range of the whole data set? 60’ - 90’
You may remember we said the range was 63’-87’, but histograms are just giving us a quick snapshot of the data.
A Quick Review
Next, we’ll be making our own histogram, so let’s review.
A Quick Review
Next, we’ll be making our own histogram, so let’s review.
First, we found the range of the cherry tree data (the highest and lowest numbers in the data set).
A Quick Review
Next, we’ll be making our own histogram, so let’s review.
First, we found the range of the cherry tree data (the highest and lowest numbers in the data set.
Then we created a dot plot with the data.
A Quick Review
Next, we’ll be making our own histogram, so let’s review.
First, we found the range of the cherry tree data (the highest and lowest numbers in the data set.
Then we created a dot plot with the data.
Then we binned the data into groups with ranges of equal sizes to create a binned dot plot.
A Quick Review
Next, we’ll be making our own histogram, so let’s review.
First, we found the range of the cherry tree data (the highest and lowest numbers in the data set.
Then we created a dot plot with the data.
Then we binned the data into groups with ranges of equal sizes.
Lastly, we drew bars up to the height of our binned points to create a histogram.
Check in
✎ Answer Questions 1-7 on your worksheet.
Next time, you’re going to make your own histogram from the bird song data, as the reviewer suggested.
You’ll also figure out why female song in barn swallows has been missed until 2020.
END OF PART 2
Matt Wilkins
REVIEW
ANALYZING -
BIN -
RANGE -
VOCAB
CONCEPTS
REVIEW
ANALYZING - doing an analysis; organizing and exploring data to unlock its meaning
BIN - a range of values for combining data.
Example: school grades could be broken up into 4 bins:
“great”: 90-100
“good”: 80-89
“acceptable”: 70-79
“needs work”: 0-69
RANGE - a set of two numbers: the least and the greatest number in a data set. Usually expressed as Small Number – Big Number
Example: school grades are often scored with a range of 0-100
Other systems may have a range of 0-4 or 0-5
VOCAB
CONCEPTS
REVIEW
BINNING - combining groups of observations into ranges. Classifying people into “short,” “average,” and “tall” is a type of binning with named categories.
How tall is tall? What do you think the ranges should be for height categories at your school?
CONCEPTS
VOCAB
CONCEPTS
REVIEW
BINNING - combining groups of observations into ranges. Classifying people into “short,” “average,” and “tall” is a type of binning with named categories.
How tall is tall? What do you think the ranges should be for height categories at your school?
HISTOGRAM
SCATTER PLOT
BINNED DOT PLOT
(UNBINNED) DOT PLOT
CONCEPTS
VOCAB
CONCEPTS