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Name the Effects!

1200-1450

Units 1 & 2

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Name the effects:

The Crusades

C. 1100 CE

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Effects:

  • Total of four crusades spanning over a century
  • Jerusalem briefly conquered by Christian European forces (from the Muslims) in 1099
  • Sacking of Constantinople (Byzantine Empire), 1202-1204
  • Led to knowledge of the world beyond Western Europe as they encountered Byzantines and Islamic culture
    • This knowledge was lost when the Roman Empire collapsed (c. 400 CE)
    • Led to desire for Eastern goods and Greco-Roman learning
  • Introduced the Black Death to Europe via these trade routes
  • United European feudal groups who were fighting each other to then fight a common cause (the Muslims in the Holy Land)
  • Ideas that were preserved by the Muslims later led to the Renaissance (1300-1700)

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Name the effects:

The Black Death

1300’s

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Effects:

  • Political, social, and religious upheaval from the death of ⅓ of the population
  • Decline in urbanization
  • Affected China, North Africa, Middle East, and Europe, but hit Europe the hardest
  • Created cult religions
  • Rise of cynicism
  • Dysfunctional governments and legal systems
  • Persecution of Jews as scapegoats for the disease
  • Decrease in population led to higher wages in Europe due to the scarcity of workers
  • Higher wages led to the end of feudalism

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Name the effects:

Spread of Islam

Anything after 622 C.E.

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Effects:

  • Creation of Caliphates (Islamic Empires)
    • Umayyad and Abbasid dominated the Middle East and Africa, Abbasid also conquered Spain (Al-Andalus)
  • Spread of Arabic language and Arabic culture, architecture, arts
  • Promoted science and medicine
  • Spread literacy as people (men and women) were expected to read the Quran
  • Increased and strengthened trade networks (especially Indian Ocean and trans-Saharan)
  • North African conversions led to prosperity for cities along the routes to Mecca
  • Increased trade and prosperity in Middle East and Africa (North and East Africa)
    • Mali (replaced by Songhai), Swahili city-states converted to Islam
  • Increased demand for African slaves as Muslims prohibited enslaving Jews, Christians, or other Muslims
  • Syncretic beliefs such Sikhism - syncretism with African traditions and Bantu language
  • Conversion of Hindus in India and Buddhists in Southeast Asia
  • Sunni & Shiite split / schism
  • Veiling and seclusion of women as Islam adapted to Persian beliefs and practices (fully enforced by 800 CE)

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Name the effects:

Mongols

1200’s (13th Century)

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Effects:

  • Pax Mongolica - Mongolian peace that led to stability and prosperity
  • Spread of Chinese technology (moveable type, magnetic compass, gunpowder) to the West
  • Creation of the largest land empire in history
  • Reinstatement and protection of Silk Road trade which led to:
    • Increased exchange of luxury goods from the East (Silk, porcelain, spices)
    • Spread of the Black Plague in the 14th century
      • Decimation of ⅓ of European population
  • After the death of Genghis Khan, the creation of Khanates, a new type of political system
    • Conquered: Middle East (Il-Khanate) by destroying the Abbasid Caliph and sacking/destroying Baghdad, Russia tribute state (Khanate of the Golden Horde), and China (Yuan Dynasty)
  • Disbanded the Civil Service Exam in China
  • Collected tribute from Russia

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Name the effects:

Viking Attacks

9th Century (800s CE)

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Effects:

  • Contributed to decentralization (feudalism) and chaos in Europe and Russia
  • Decrease in Western European population
  • Decline of agriculture, trade, and general prosperity due to fear
  • Settled briefly in North America (Vinland) and established settlements around the coasts of Europe.
  • End of European invasions led to INCREASE in population in Europe

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