1 of 29

Types of Matter Notes

Vocabulary:

  1. chemistry
  2. matter
  3. pure substance
  4. representative particle
  5. element
  6. symbol
  7. compound
  8. formula
  9. molecule/formula unit
  10. Law of Definite Composition
  11. mixture
  12. heterogeneous mixture
  13. suspension
  14. colloid
  15. Tyndall Effect
  16. homogeneous mixture
  17. solution
  18. solid
  19. liquid
  20. gas

“No. 8”, Jackson Pollack, 1949

2 of 29

What is chemistry?

Chemistry is the study of matter.

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

3 of 29

Categories of Matter

  • We will initially look at two different classifications of matter, each of which has two sub-classifications.

Matter

Elements

Mixtures

Pure Substances

Compounds

Homogeneous

Mixture

Heterogeneous

Mixture

4 of 29

Definition Time!

  • Pure substance: a substance containing only one type of representative particle.
    • Representative particle: the smallest part of a substance containing all the properties of the substance.

5 of 29

Element

  • A pure substance made of ONLY ONE TYPE OF ATOM.
  • Representative particle: the atom
  • Found on the periodic table.
  • Has a symbol (first letter is�upper case and second�letter, if any, is lower case.)

6 of 29

ALL elements are on the periodic table!!

Cu

Cl

Cs

C

7 of 29

Compound

  • A pure substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically combined.
  • Has a formula containing the symbols of two or more elements.
  • Representative particle: molecules or �formula units.
  • Components can only be �chemically separated.

8 of 29

Law of Definite Composition

  • Compounds follow the Law of Definite Composition:

Every compound has a fixed number of atoms of its component elements

Examples:

H2O

CO2

C6H12O6

9 of 29

Compounds are made of elements!!

water

rust

sugar

H2O

Fe2O3

C12H22O11

Two elements

Two elements

Three elements

Compounds have a formula!!

10 of 29

Mixture

  • Two or more types of matter that are blended, but not chemically combined.
  • Each substance in the mixture maintains its identity and properties.
  • There is no representative particle for the mixture, only the individual components of the mixture.
  • Components can be physically separated.

11 of 29

Mixtures�No symbol or formula!

12 of 29

Heterogeneous Mixture

  • Hetero: Different
  • A mixture that is not uniform throughout on a particle level.

Easy to see the different components so obviously it is heterogeneous.

Can not see through the chocolate milk, so particles are not uniform throughout, and therefore heterogeneous.

13 of 29

Heterogeneous Mixture

Two special types of heterogeneous mixtures:

    • suspensions: a mixture of a liquid and large particles of a solid that when stirred, the particles mix but then separate out

Examples:

  • muddy water
  • milk of magnesia
  • sand in water

​

14 of 29

Heterogeneous Mixture

Two special types of heterogeneous mixtures:

    • colloids: a mixture of semi-large particles in a fluid that stay mixed in the liquid and do not settle, creating a mixture that is not uniform; scatter light due to Tyndall Effect

Examples:

  • milk
  • smoke
  • Jello
  • blood

​

15 of 29

Heterogeneous Mixture

Two special types of heterogeneous mixtures:

    • colloids: a mixture of semi-large particles in a fluid that stay mixed in the liquid and do not settle, creating a mixture that is not uniform; scatter light due to Tyndall Effect

16 of 29

Homogeneous Mixture

  • Homo: Same
  • A mixture which is uniform throughout on a particle level.
  • Also called solutions

Kool Aid: Can not see the components and clear, so homogeneous.

Salt Water:

Tough one. You have to be told that the water has salt in it. You can’t see the salt, so homogeneous.

White Gold:

Tough one. You have to be told that is made of silver and gold mixed together (called an “alloy,” a mixture of metals). Homogeneous.

17 of 29

Mixtures

18 of 29

Tyndall Effect

Tyndall effect in a colloid but not in a solution

19 of 29

Summary

​

Element

Compound

Mixture

Pure substance?

yes

yes

no

# of different types of atoms

1

More than 1

More than 1

Representative particle

atom

molecule or

formula unit

none

Shorthand

symbol

formula

none

On periodic table?

yes

no

no

Can be separated by physical means?

no

no

yes

Can be separated by chemical means?

no

yes

yes

​

Sample Model

​

​

​

​

​

20 of 29

Particle Diagrams Self Quiz

  • Identify
    • Which examples are solids, which are liquids, and which are gases?
    • Which examples show a phase change?
    • Which examples are elements, which are compounds, which are homogeneous mixtures, and which are heterogeneous mixtures?

21 of 29

Self Quiz

  • Identify
    • Which examples are solids, which are liquids, and which are gases?
    • Which examples show a phase change?
    • Which examples are elements, which are compounds, which are homogeneous mixtures, and which are heterogeneous mixtures?

22 of 29

Self Quiz

  • Identify
    • Which examples are solids, which are liquids, and which are gases?
    • Which examples show a phase change?
    • Which examples are elements, which are compounds, which are homogeneous mixtures, and which are heterogeneous mixtures?

23 of 29

Self Quiz

  • Identify
    • Which examples are solids, which are liquids, and which are gases?
    • Which examples show a phase change?
    • Which examples are elements, which are compounds, which are homogeneous mixtures, and which are heterogeneous mixtures?

24 of 29

Self Quiz

  • Identify
    • Which examples are solids, which are liquids, and which are gases?
    • Which examples show a phase change?
    • Which examples are elements, which are compounds, which are homogeneous mixtures, and which are heterogeneous mixtures?

25 of 29

Self Quiz

  • Identify
    • Which examples are solids, which are liquids, and which are gases?
    • Which examples show a phase change?
    • Which examples are elements, which are compounds, which are homogeneous mixtures, and which are heterogeneous mixtures?

26 of 29

Self Quiz

  • Identify
    • Which examples are solids, which are liquids, and which are gases?
    • Which examples show a phase change?
    • Which examples are elements, which are compounds, which are homogeneous mixtures, and which are heterogeneous mixtures?

27 of 29

Self Quiz

  • Identify
    • Which examples are solids, which are liquids, and which are gases?
    • Which examples show a phase change?
    • Which examples are elements, which are compounds, which are homogeneous mixtures, and which are heterogeneous mixtures?

28 of 29

Self Quiz

  • Identify
    • Which examples are solids, which are liquids, and which are gases?
    • Which examples show a phase change?
    • Which examples are elements, which are compounds, which are homogeneous mixtures, and which are heterogeneous mixtures?

29 of 29

Self Quiz

  • Identify
    • Which examples are solids, which are liquids, and which are gases?
    • Which examples show a phase change?
    • Which examples are elements, which are compounds, which are homogeneous mixtures, and which are heterogeneous mixtures?