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The Universal Smart Grid

Supervised by

Prof. Amr Magdy Abdeen

Submitted by

Andriette Essam Khalil 17p3048�Fadi Adel Mounir Aziz 17p6017�Mariam Mamdouh Kaiser 17p5034�Monica Hesham Malak 17p6010�Olivia Ayman Maher 17p5028�Yoeil Ashraf Waheeb Zakher 17p5046

Graduation Project (II) Spring 2022, ENERGY & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING PROGRAM

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SMART

Blind

Evolution

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Universal Smart Grid

Thesis Project Name

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Site Electrical Distribution

CASE STUDY

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66 KV

22KV

Governmental

Distributer

Stella residence’s main distributor

2 Incomers

Bus Coupler

6 Feeders

6 Km

Governmental main transformers station

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Pillar from inside

63 A

250 A

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Section 2 : feeding current villa

Section 3 : feeding next villa

Section 1 : incomer from pillar

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Site challenges

CASE STUDY

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Site challenges and proposed solution

Illegal consumption of energy (government leasing)

2-3M/year

Their current procedure to prevent illegal consumption

Cables from the compound’s main meter (6 Km), 3% of total losses

Negotiations were made but there was no outcome

NO PF CORRECTION (MOTORS, PUMPS)

Capacitor banks proposal (90k)

Bad electrical infrastructure caused lack of system integrity

A system that suits that infrastructure is installed to solve the mentioned problems

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87%

3%

10%

87%

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Illegal consumption of energy

CASE STUDY

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ILLEGAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY

Neutral disturbance

Meter tampering

Bypassing meters

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System Design

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Hardware

1.Pillar Only

Meter reading = L1+L2+L3

Advantages:

- Limiting the inspection zone

- Cost effective

Disadvantage:

- No detailed reading

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2.Pillar/Coffret:

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Readings

At pillar: Meter will calculate Consumption of L1+L2+L3

At Coffret 1: Meter A will calculate Consumption of L2+L3

At Coffret 2: Meter B will calculate Consumption of L3

Advantages

Single consumption viewed

Detailed tracking

Disadvantages

Higher Cost

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Communication

1- Converter:

The meter output is modbus RS485
RS485 must be converted to TCP/IP or serial using the converter

2- Logic unit and data logger

Gather the data inputs
Log them for transmission

3- Transmission over the internet

The data logged will be sent to a server to be furtherly used

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Com Module Options

EGX

Microcontroller

- Converter: EGX

- Logic & Data logging: EGX

- Transmission: Ethernet cables

- Converter: MX485

- Logic & Data logging: ESP

- Transmission: GSM

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Communication between meters

1- RS485 Wires

Uses Modbus cables to gather the data to the main module at the pillar
Meter addressing: using Modscan

CB 1 = address 3 → Coffret meter A = address 1 → Coffret meter b = Address 2

CB 2 = address 4 → Coffret meter A = address 1 → Coffret meter b = Address 2

CB 3 = address 5 → Coffret meter A = address 1 → Coffret meter b = Address 2

2- PLC “Power Line Carrier”

Uses the already existing electrical cables to transfer the data to the main module at the pillar

3- Module

Each meter has its own module and address

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Software System Design

Entries DB

Meter ID, info (Pt, Iph, In, PF, PQS, V, Hz) and timestamp

Meters DB

Classifying meter IDs to Classes

Groups DB

All identified meter Groups

Calculated KWH DB

Calculated from the installed monitoring system

Given KWH DB

Classifying meter IDs to Classes

KWH Difference DB

Difference in KWH between the given and calculated energy values.

System Health DB

PF ,PQS, Peak demand, HZ

power

Tampers w/box DB

Detection sensor logic is changed

Tampers w/PG DB

Logging Iph and In calculations.

Tampers w/module DB

MC is disconnected

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Alpha

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Prototype

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Initial prototype

Written with rust. The prototype is simple representation of logging actual consumption (Entry, meter, group and Calc. kwh Databases included)

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Beta-1 phase in stella compound

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“Beta 1-phase” Target

Test each component if suitable on the site

The accuracy and efficiency of the system communication

Verify system’s operation and to detect any deficiencies

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The implemented circuit diagram

Loads were implemented in 2 villas
The first meter was installed at one circuit breaker at the pillar
The second meter was installed at the outgoing of the coffret of the first villa

Villa 2

Villa 1

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Pillar only implementation circuit:

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Pillar/Coffret implementation circuit:

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Installation Results��

Pillar/ coffret gave out successful readings:

Pillar meter readings:

V1 = 207.4 V

V2 = 206.5 V

V3 = 208.2 V

V avg = 207.4 V

I1 =3.561 A

I2 = 3.375 A

I3 = 3.442 A

I avg = 3.459 A

P tot = 2.148 W

Q tot = -110.6 VAR

S tot = 2.152 VA

E tot = 2.1 KWH

V1 = 207.6 V,

V2 = 207.9 V

V3 = 206.8 V

V avg = 207.4 V

I1 = 1.732 A

I2 = 1.673 A

I3 = 1.652 A

I avg = 1.681 A

P tot = 1.048 KW

Q tot = -40.45 VAR

S tot = 1.049 KVA

E tot = 0.4 KWH

P.F = 0.999

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Data Readings for Pillar/Coffret

Coffret readings:

V1 = 207.6 V,

V2 = 207.9 V

V3 = 206.8 V

V avg = 207.4 V

I1 = 1.732 A

I2 = 1.673 A

I3 = 1.652 A

I avg = 1.681 A

P tot = 1.048 KW

Q tot = -40.45 VAR

S tot = 1.049 KVA

E tot = 0.4 KWH

P.F = 1.00

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The illegal consumption trial

Pillar /coffret The illegal consumption trial was done through bypassing our implemented meter at the coffret connected to villa 1 output (that gives out villa 2 readings)

Villa 1

Villa 2

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Pillar/coffret readings

Pillar/coffret
	Etot - KWH/day	Cost - EGP
pillar	51.5	59.225
Coffret – villa “2”	25.2	29.325
Villa “1”		29.9

Pillar/coffret
	Etot - KWH/day	Cost - EGP
pillar	51.5	59.225
Coffret – villa “2”	13.58	15.617
Villa “1”		43.608

Before illegal consumption

After illegal consumption

59.225-15.617

59.225-29.325

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Beta 1 �“To be continued”

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Pillar Only

The module will be placed on the pillar meter

The result: the server receives the total of the 2 villas

Pillar/Coffret

Another module will be added at the coffret meter

The result: the server receives detailed readings about each villa

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The data collected will then be used as it will be discussed in the following slides

Expected outcome:

- All tampers will be detected

- System tracking

- System security

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Moving towards smart grid

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Moving towards smart grid

Beta 1 outcomes
Expendable system (solving more problems)

Illegal Consumption Detection System

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-Economical P.F correction

- Fixed cost reduction

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Moving towards smart grid

Adding service areas to the residential loads

Ex: water desalination , sewage treatment plants , water lifting stations.

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System design of smart grid

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Beta 1

Beta 2

Using O/P data for manipulation & Visualization

Components’ life time

Overtime problems ( GSM + readings arrival)

Illegal Consumption Detection

Readings

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System design of smart grid

Starting with one unit (meter & module)

1 pillar (street lighting)
1 breaker (service areas)

To test system coherence and reliability

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Site implementation

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SG implementation will be in

Service areas

Residential areas

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Residential loads

400 occupied units from 1500 units

SG detecting illegal electrical consumption

2M-3M EGP/year from the 400 occupied units

7.5M EGP/year from the 1500 occupied units

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Strategy of residential implementation

400 units( occupied units )

Pillar only

pillar/coffret

1500 units

Pillar only

pillar/coffret

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2 or 3 villas

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Service areas :

22 street lightings
9 service stations

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CT

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Software implementation

Software implementation over 400 units

Data collected from our modules will be stored by the server for building future machine learning

Machine learning will be updated each 6 months

If we want to expand from 400 to 1500 units

Giving the admin access to the compound electrical operator to add new meters to the current database

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Data Science

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Data science

Data gathering

The data is gathered from all the installed meters

Data manipulation

These data will then be manipulated to get V,I,P,E….ETC of each unit.

Data visualization

The manipulated data will then be visualized into graphs and charts to be easily assimilated by the user.

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Financial goals

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FIXED COST

Hardware

(total = 4,195 EGP)

Smart meter (Acti-9iEM3000 )3,000 EGP

Communication module

ESP

Modbus converter

Protection Box

Embedded software system

Web-based software system

Design

Backend

Frontend

Installation

20,000 to 132,000 EGP CASES

Total software: 260,000 EGP

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RUNNING COST

Maintenance service = 16,000 EGP

(not including any hardware replacements)

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Total cost 400 unit

PILLAR

Hardware = 969,045 EGP

Software = 260,000 EGP

Installation = 20,000 EGP

PILLAR / COFFRET

Hardware = 1,808,045 EGP

Software = 260,000 EGP

Installation = 37,350 EGP

<2M-3M EGP

Total 1,249,045 EGP

Total 2,105,395 EGP

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Total cost 1500 unit

PILLAR

Hardware = 3,276,295 EGP

Software = 260,000 EGP

Installation = 67,700 EGP

PILLAR / COFFRET

Hardware = 6,422,545 EGP

Software = 260,000 EGP

Installation = 132,600 EGP

<7.5M-10M EGP

Total 6,825,145

Total 3,604,000 EGP

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BMC

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Illegal Energy Consumption

System design
Solved 87%

Smart Grid

Solves 100%
Monitor and Track
Take action

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Stella Visit

Major Problem

Illegal Electricity consumption
System Design 🡪2 cases
Solving 87%

Major Solution

“SMART”

Solves 100%
Monitoring and tracking

Future

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Thank You

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