The Word Mapping Strategy

Keli Bradbury & Dana McCaleb

RU & VT T/TAC

ktbradbury@radford.edu dmccaleb@vt.edu

Road Map

• Why teach the Word Mapping Strategy?
• Prefixes
• Suffixes
• Roots
• Practice
• Q&A

The Word Mapping Strategy:

• Incorporates explicit vocabulary instruction using morphology, affixes, and morphemes
• Is a generative vocabulary strategy by teaching one word you have the potential of teaching numerous words
• Fosters word knowledge that is essential for reading comprehension
• Students can be taught the meanings of words parts, typically prefixes and suffixes, and strategies for using them to derive the meanings of unfamiliar words. (Baumann et. al., 2005, Graves, 2016).

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To stay at grade level students must:

• Learn to recognize many thousands of new words by sight in order to maintain fluency
• Learn the meaning of thousands of new words

Many students:

• Have vocabulary deficits
• Have not acquired or invented strategies for learning vocabulary
• Need to learn the meaning of large numbers of words

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The Word Mapping Strategy

Is a generative vocabulary strategy that enables students to figure out the meaning of new words.

Parts of Instruction

• Part I: Pretest
• Part II: Introducing Morphemes and the Strategy
• Part III: Practicing the Strategy
• Part IV: Posttest
• Part V: Ensuring Students Use the Strategy

Part I: Pretest

• Administer the Pretest (pp. 118 & 119)
• Score the Pretest using

• Evaluation Guidelines (p. 89)

• Student Response Sample (p. 90 & 91)

• Answer Key (p. 187)

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Pretest

Progress Chart

Parts of Instruction

• Part I: Pretest
• Part II: Introducing Morphemes and the Strategy
• Part III: Practicing the Strategy
• Part IV: Posttest
• Part V: Ensuring Students Use the Strategy

Part II: Introducing Morphemes and the Strategy�with Four Introductory Lessons

• Lesson 1: Intro and Prefixes

• Lesson 2: Suffixes

• Lesson 3: Word Roots

• Lesson 4: The Word Mapping Strategy

Lesson 1: Intro and Prefixes

• Introduce “word parts”

• Define “morphemes”

• Contrast “morphemes with syllables”

• Introduce 3 types of morphemes

• Define “prefix”

• Provide examples of “prefixes”

• Explain compound prefixes

• Conduct practice activities

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Introduce Note Sheet 1

What is a Morpheme vs. Syllable?

Syllable

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A part of a word that centers on a vowel sound.

It has no meaning.

Cue Card 1 & 2

Morphemes vs. Syllables

Unladylike

Syllables: Un la dy like

Morphemes: Un lady like

Cue Card 3

prediction

pre- dict -ion

Cue Card 4

Prefix

• A word part
• Placed at the beginning of a word
• That has meaning, and
• That changes or adds to the meaning of the word

re cycle

Cue Card 5

Tricksters

Words that start with the same letters as one of the prefixes, but they really do not include a prefix!

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Examples Non-examples

• Red Recycle
• Real Return

Compound Prefix

Two or more prefixes at the beginning of a word.

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un re lenting

Cue Card 6

Types of practice �with prefixes

• Guided practice identifying prefixes (Worksheet #1; p. 124)

• Independent practice identifying prefixes (Worksheets #2, 3, 4)

• Group oral reading practice

• Paired oral practice

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Pronouncing Prefixes

• You don’t need to learn all the definitions now.
• You do need to know how to pronounce each prefix.
• Work with a partner until you are ready for your oral quiz.

Isolate the Prefix Worksheet#1

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Answer Key on page 189

Today you learned about 3 types of word parts called morphemes: prefixes, roots, and suffixes.

We will continue with our oral quizzes later this week.

In our next lesson, we will work with suffixes.

Mastery

• Reading 90% of the prefixes aloud correctly
• Earning a score above 80% on a worksheet.

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Part II: Introducing Morphemes and the Strategy�with Four Introductory Lessons

• Lesson 1: Intro and Prefixes

• Lesson 2: Suffixes

• Lesson 3: Word Roots

• Lesson 4: The Word Mapping Strategy

Part II, Lesson 2: Suffixes

• Define “suffix”

• Provide example suffixes

• Define “inflectional suffixes”

• Define “derivational suffixes”

• Explain the Suffix Guidelines

• Define compound suffixes

• Conduct practice

Word Mapping Review

• What are morphemes?
• What are the 3 types of morphemes?
• What is a prefix?
• What is a compound prefix?
• Example of a prefix
• Example words with a prefix

^Name: Date: _

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Word Mapping Notes Sheet #2

1. Suffixes are that are at the _ of a word.

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• A word that has the suffix "-able" is _

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• The two types of suffixes are and _

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• Inflectional suffixes are that change the:

of a word or show or _

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5. The suffix "-s" means than ,

6.

Inflectional suffixes do not change the of the word.

7. Derivational suffixes create a different of a word so the meaning of the word is .

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• . The three suffixes that are both inflectional and derivational are: , and .

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• A word that fits the "change 'y' to 'i' guideline" is _

11.

1O. A word that fits the "consonant doubling guideline" is _

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suffixes include more than suffix at the end of a word.

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12. A word with a compound suffix is ,

128 APPENDIX C

HARRIB,SCHUMAKER,&DESHLER,2008

Suffix

A morpheme that:

• Is placed at the end of a word and

• Affects the word’s form or meaning in

some way

recycl ing

command er

Cue Card 7 & 8

• Inflectional Suffixes
• Derivational Suffixes

2 Types

Types of Suffixes

• Inflectional Suffixes
• Derivational Suffixes

Inflectional Suffix (Optional)

A morpheme that:

• Is placed at the end of a word, and

• Changes the form of the word

• Its number,

• Its point of view,

• Its tense, or

• Shows possession or

• Shows comparison, but

• Does not change the word’s meaning

Cue Card 9

Example Inflectional Suffixes

-s or -es: Signals for a plural word

Dog - Dog s

Dish - Dish es

�Another Example Inflectional Suffix�

-ed: The signal for past tense

push - push ed�create - creat ed

Inflectional Suffixes

Derivational Suffix (Optional)

A morpheme that:

• Is placed at the end of a word,

• Changes the meaning of the word, and

• Sometimes changes the part of speech of the word.

Cue Card 10

Cue Card 11

Suffix Guidelines

1. Change “y” to “i” when you add “-es,” “-er,” “-est” and other suffixes starting with a vowel.

• fly - fli es

• happy - happi er

• pretty - pretti est

Cue Card 12 A

Suffix Guidelines (cont.)

2. Use consonant doubling when you add “ing”

run - runn ing

swim - swimm ing

3. Remove the silent “e” when you add “ing” or other suffixes

make - mak ing

excite - excit able

Cue Card 12 B

Compound Suffix

Two or more suffixes at the end of a word.

help less ness

thought ful ness

Cue Card 13

Types of practice �with suffixes

• Guided practice identifying suffixes (Worksheet #1; p. 132)

• Independent practice identifying suffixes (Worksheets #2, 3, 4)

• Group oral reading practice

• Paired oral practice

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Pronouncing Suffixes

• You don’t need to learn all the definitions now.
• You do need to know how to pronounce each suffix.
• Work with a partner until you are ready for your oral quiz.

Separate the Suffix Worksheet #1

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Answer Key on page 190

Today you learned about suffixes.

We will continue with our oral quizzes later this week.

In our next lesson, we will work with roots.

Part II: Introducing Morphemes and the Strategy�with Four Introductory Lessons

• Lesson 1: Intro and Prefixes

• Lesson 2: Suffixes

• Lesson 3: Word Roots

• Lesson 4: The Word Mapping Strategy

Part II, Lesson 3: Roots

• Define and discuss “root”

• Explain Rules for Morphemes

• Practice identifying prefixes, suffixes and roots

Word Mapping Review

• What are morphemes?
• What are the 3 types of morphemes?
• What is a prefix? Suffix?
• What is a compound prefix? Suffix?
• Example of a prefix/suffix
• Example words with a prefix/suffix

Name:

Date:

Word Mapping Notes Sheet #3

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1. The three types of morphemes are:

p

R. _

$

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2. A root is a word part with

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• Roots can be located at the beginning, ^{or of a word.}

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• A root can stand alone as a^{. word.}

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• Each root gives a word its main

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• ^{The root "aster'' means}

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• A word with the root "aster" is

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• One morpheme can have several

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• Different morphemes can have the same ^{b.ut different .}

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1O. Different morphemes can have the same ^{.but similar .}

136 APPENDIX C

HARRIS, SC:HUMAKER, & DESHLER, 2008

Root

A morpheme (a word part with meaning) that:

• Is placed at the beginning, middle, or end of a word.
• Sometimes is the whole word.
• Gives the word its main meaning.

Cue Card 14

Example Root

“Aster” means “star�

• At the beginning of a word: Asterisk
• In the middle of a word: Disastrous
• At the end of a word: Disaster
• The whole word: Aster

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Cue Card 15

Morpheme Rules

1. A morpheme can have several meanings.

“in-” means “not” and “into”

2. Morphemes can have the same meaning but different forms.

“an-” means “not”

“dis-” means “not”

“im-” means “not

3. Morphemes can have the same meaning and similar forms

“aster” and “astro” mean “star”

“flex” & “flect” mean “bend”

“mit” & “mis” mean “send”

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Cue Card 16

Types of practice �with roots

• Guided practice identifying prefixes, roots, & suffixes (Worksheet #1)

• Independent practice identifying prefixes, roots, & suffixes (Worksheets #2, 3, 4)

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Identifying Morphemes Worksheet #1

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Answer Key on page 191

Today you learned about roots.

We will continue with our oral quizzes later this week for anyone that still needs to complete this.

In our next lesson, we will learn how to predict the meaning of words using prefixes, suffixes, and roots.

Part II: Introducing Morphemes and the Strategy�with Four Introductory Lessons

• Lesson 1: Intro and Prefixes

• Lesson 2: Suffixes

• Lesson 3: Word Roots

• Lesson 4: The Word Mapping Strategy

Part II, Lesson 4: The Word Mapping Strategy

• Introduce the Word Map

• Describe and model the Word Mapping Strategy steps

• Introduce the mnemonic device “MAPS”

• Introduce the Memory Table

• Describe and model how to use the Memory Table

• Practice Word Mapping & memorizing morphemes

Word Mapping Review

• What are morphemes?
• What are the 3 types of morphemes?
• What is a prefix? Suffix? Root?
• What is a compound prefix? Suffix?
• Example of a prefix/suffix/roots
• Example words with a prefix/suffix/roots

^Name: Date:

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Word Mapping Notes Sheet #4

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1. The three ty^''pes of morphemes are: , and

2. The steps of the Word Mapping Strategy are:

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M the

3.

"Map the word parts" means that you find th word's p ands

• r

4.

"Attack the meaning" means that you translate each into its

5. "Predict the word's meaning" means that you put the three _ together and make your guess.

6. "See if you're right" mean that you whether the definition fits in the context of the _

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• The mnemonic device to remember the steps is

_

8. You use a Word Map anytime you w nt to figure out a word's _

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• You use a Memory Table anytime you want to a word's meaning.

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• A good Memory Word contains the and has a

that you know well.

144 .APPENDIX C

HARRIS, SCHUMAKER, & DESHLER, 2008

A visual device that prompts students through the steps of

the Word Mapping Strategy

Word Map

Prediction

prediction

pre

dict

ion

before

M Step

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A Step

​

P Step

​

S Step

Prefix

Root

Suffix

Meaning

Meaning

Meaning

Word

Definition

Map the targeted

word by breaking it

down into its word parts

Word Map

Prediction

prediction

pre

dict

ion

before

say or speak

act, result, or state of

M Step

​

A Step

​

P Step

​

S Step

Prefix

Root

Suffix

Meaning

Meaning

Meaning

Word

Definition

Attack the meaning

by translating each

word part into

its meaning.

Word Map

Prediction

prediction

pre

dict

ion

before

say or speak

act, result, or state of

the act of speaking before

M Step

​

A Step

​

P Step

​

S Step

Prefix

Root

Suffix

Meaning

Meaning

Meaning

Word

Definition

Predict the meaning

of the word by

putting the word part

meanings together

Word Map

Prediction

prediction

pre

dict

ion

before

say or speak

act, result, or state of

the act of speaking before

M Step

​

A Step

​

P Step

​

S Step

Prefix

Root

Suffix

Meaning

Meaning

Meaning

Word

Definition

something foretold; a prophecy

See if your prediction

is correct by checking

with the dictionary

or someone

Word Map

Prediction

prediction

pre

dict

ion

before

say or speak

act, result, or state of

the act of speaking before

M Step

​

A Step

​

P Step

​

S Step

Prefix

Root

Suffix

Meaning

Meaning

Meaning

Word

Definition

something foretold; a prophecy

Word Mapping Strategy

Map the word parts

Attack the meaning of each part

Predict the word’s meaning

See if you’re right!

Cue Card 18

Word Mapping Activity

With your partner, map the following words: 

• transact
• flexible
• commendable

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Memory Table

Cue Card 19

Example� Memory Table

https://membean.com/roots/man-hand/

Memory Table Activity

With your partner, make a Memory Table for each of the following morphemes:

• anti-

• -ology

• mater

Today you learned how to use the Word Mapping Strategy.

We will continue with our oral quizzes later this week for anyone that still needs to complete this.

We will continue learning the meanings of certain prefixes, roots, and suffixes and you will be using the Word Mapping Strategy to figure out the meanings of words. You will also be using Memory Tables to help you learn the meaning of word parts.

Parts of Instruction

• Part I: Pretest
• Part II: Introducing Morphemes and the Strategy
• Part III: Practicing the Strategy
• Part IV: Posttest
• Part V: Ensuring Students Use the Strategy

Part III: Practicing the Strategy

• To teach students the meaning of frequently used morphemes

• To give the students multiple opportunities to practice parts of the strategy

• To give the students multiple opportunities to practice the whole strategy

Introduce the Word Parts Table

Blank Table

Cue Card 20

Discuss Tricksters

Tricksters are words that contain a word part, but that word part has no meaning within that word.

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Example: “re” in “read”

Example Table with Tricksters

The Tree Activity

• Draw a tree
• Write the word part on the trunk
• Write one meaning of the word part on each limb
• Ask the students for example words to be added as branches

Blank Tree

Cue Card 21

Example Tables with Tricksters

Conduct the Prediction Activity

1. unanswered – [un- “ ” + answered “responded to”] =

2. unhealthy – [un- “ ” + healthy “free of disease”] =

3. indirect – [in- “ ” + direct “straight forward”] =

4. illegal – [il- “ ” + legal “based on law”] =

5. dislocate – [dis- “ ” + locate “to place”] =

6. discard – [dis- “ ” + card] =

Memory Table

Cue Card 19

Student Help with Learning Morphemes

Word Part: un-

Map the Following Words:

82

• impossible

•  irregular

• disability

Tips for “Deconstructing” Words

1. Look for words or known parts within the term.
• un- healthy
2. At times, the prefix/root/suffix “sequence” will not be used; not all words have all parts.
3. Bite off the biggest chunk! (Don’t be fooled by TRICKSTERS)
• diversity (Instead of only di-)
4. At times, there will be “extra” letters left between word parts.
• associat(e) -ive
5. Word parts may have more than one meaning – must “play” with meanings to make prediction.
• dis- ease
• port or dia- meter

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83

Conduct the Word-Mapping Activity

Three options:

• Assign the critical vocabulary in the lesson

• Assign a passage to be read and words within the passage

Administer the Quizzes (p. 165-182)

Require accountability for:

• Learning the meaning of targeted morphemes

• Learning the meaning of targeted words

Generic Practice Lesson Format

• Introduce the Word Parts Table
• Conduct the Paragraph Activity
• Conduct the Word-Part Activity
• Discuss “tricksters”
• Conduct the Prediction Activity
• Have the students make Memory Tables or LINCS Tables
• Conduct the Word Mapping Activity
• Administer the quiz

Parts of Instruction

• Part I: Pretest
• Part II: Introducing Morphemes and the Strategy
• Part III: Practicing the Strategy
• Part IV: Posttest
• Part V: Ensuring Students Use the Strategy

Part IV: Posttest

• Administer the Posttest (pp. 183 & 184)
• Score the Posttest using the

• Evaluation Guidelines (p. 89)

• Student Response Sample (p. 90 & 91)

• Answer Key (p. 187)

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Parts of Instruction

• Part I: Pretest
• Part II: Introducing Morphemes and the Strategy
• Part III: Practicing the Strategy
• Part IV: Posttest
• Part V: Ensuring Students Use the Strategy

Ensuring Teacher Implementation of the Strategy

• At your table, brainstorm ways you can embed WM into your curriculum.