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اندازه‌گیری سانسور اینترنت

[DATE, EVENT, SPEAKER]

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پروژه نرم‌افزار آزاد (که تحت پروژه تور متولد شده) با هدف تقویت تلاش‌های غیرمتمرکز در افزایش شفافیت سانسور اینترنت در سراسر جهان ایجاد شده است.

از سال ۲۰۱۲ تاکنون، جامعه OONI بیش از یک میلیارد اندازه‌گیری شبکه از ۲۴۱ کشور و قلمرو جمع‌آوری کرده است، �وتوانسته از این طریق درخصوص سانسور اینترنت در جهان آگاهی ایجاد کنند.

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برنامه‌ی امروز

۱. بحث در مورد این که سانسور اینترنت چیست و یادگیری نحوه اجرای آن (۳۰ دقیقه)

۲. یادگیری اینکه چگونه سانسور اینترنت می‌تواند اندازه‌گیری و نظارت شود (۳۰ دقیقه)

۳. یادگیری چگونگی کار با داده‌های OONI برای کشف و تحقیق در مورد سانسور اینترنت (۳۰ دقیقه)

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سانسور اینترنت چیست؟

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سانسور اینترنت کنترل یا سرکوب عمدی هرآن‌چیزی است که می‌تواند در اینترنت قابل دسترسی، انتشار و دیدن باشد.

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سانسور در پلتفرم‌های رسانه‌های اجتماعی�
قطع، خاموشی و بستن اینترنت�
درخواست حذف مختوا�
آزار آنلاین�
خودسانسوری

مباحثی که به انها نمی‌پردازیم:

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سانسور در سطح شبکه�
سانسور وب‌سایت‌ها و اپلیکیشن‌ها�

سانسور اینترنت:

Instead, by “internet censorship” we refer to censorship that is implemented on the network level.

Overall, internet censorship can take several forms:

On the one hand, it can involve the blocking of specific websites or apps. In this case, you still have access to the internet in general, but you can’t access the specific websites or apps that your Internet Service Provider has blocked access to.
On the other hand, instead of blocking access, your Internet Service Provider may make your connection to specific websites or apps so incredibly slow that you cannot access them. This is what we refer to as “throttling”.
And in extreme cases, access to the internet may be shut down completely. In this case, it’s not a question of not being able to access specific websites

or apps, but a question of not being able to use the internet at all. When access to the internet is intentionally shut down, it can be considered a form of internet censorship. Sometimes internet connectivity shutdowns only affect specific networks or regions in a country. In other cases, an entire country can experience a complete internet connectivity shutdown.

Out of these forms of internet censorship, we’ll be focusing on the first one as part of this course. Specifically, we’ll be looking at cases that involve the blocking of websites and apps.

Almost every country in the world experiences some form of internet censorship. What differs from country to country is which websites and apps are blocked, and the impact of their block.

And what is blocked varies depending on many factors, such as a country’s laws and regulations, social and cultural norms, and political events.

In countries like Spain and South Korea, access to certain reproductive rights websites are blocked. In countries like Iran, women’s rights websites are blocked, as well as religious and ethnic minority group websites, such as the blocking of Kurdish human rights websites and Baha’i websites. In countries like Venezuela, Azerbaijan, and Egypt, independent news media websites are blocked. While internet censorship varies from country to country, we have observed a clear trend over the past 5 years:

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چه کسانی اینترنت را سانسور می‌کنند؟

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سانسور اینترنت چگونه انجام می‌شود؟

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مسدودسازی IP�
دستکاری سامانه‌ی نام دامنه‌ها (DNS)�
مسدودکردن HTPP (به عنوان مثال ارسال به صفحه فیلترینگ)�
فیلتر نشانی نام سرورها (SNI)

شیوه‌های رایج سانسور اینترنت

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سرور

Access to the internet is provided by Internet Service Providers (ISPs), which can be state-owned, or run by companies. Depending on the country you are in, and the ISP that you use, you can access a specific network. Your use of that network is governed by the rules and regulations that govern internet use in that country.

All internet services (such as websites, apps, and emails) are hosted on servers, which are responsible for receiving requests from other computers and responding to those requests. For example, to access facebook.com, your computer sends a request to the Facebook server, and the Facebook server responds by providing you access to facebook.com.

But given that the global internet consists of tens of thousands of networks, how is your computer supposed to know how to find the Facebook server? How can your computer identify where, out of the tens of thousands of networks, the Facebook server is located?

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آدرس IP

This is why internet services have IP addresses. An IP address is like a digital address, a unique numerical address that identifies a device or service on the internet.

To understand this concept, think of an analogy in the physical world, and imagine that you want to travel to your friend’s apartment. Given that many apartments exist in your city, you would need to know the precise address of your friend’s apartment in order to visit them.

Similarly, in order for your computer to reach various locations on the global internet, it would need to know the precise location of the service that you are trying to reach. This is an IP address – a digital address that is assigned to every computer that connects to the Internet.

An IP address serves 2 main functions: On the one hand, it distinguishes a system from all other systems on the internet. And on the other hand, it serves as a digital address for a system, enabling other systems on the internet to reach it.

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TCP/IP

با سرویس اینترنتی ارتباط برقرار می‌کند

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TCP/IP مسدودسازی

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URL

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نام دامنه

http://www.example.com /page.html

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سیستم نام دامنه (DNS)

When trying to access facebook.com from your web browser, your device requests the IP address of Facebook from your Domain Name System (DNS) resolver – which may be run by your Internet Service Provider, or you may be using a DNS resolver by another entity, such as Google.

A DNS resolver is a server which operates like an “address book”, as it maps domain names to IP addresses. A domain is a name that is commonly attributed to services (when they’re created), so that they can more easily be accessed and remembered. For example, facebook.com is the domain name used by the Facebook website.

However, computers can’t connect to internet services through domain names, but based on IP addresses (which are numerical and understood by computers). Similarly, in the physical world, you would need the address of a house (rather than the name of the house itself) in order to visit it.

So when you try to access facebook.com, your device requests the Facebook IP address from your DNS resolver, which responds by giving you the IP address for facebook.com.

If we get back the wrong IP address, we are unable to access the intended website, and this is considered DNS tampering.

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دستکاری سامانه‌ی نام دامنه‌ها (DNS)

برای اشاره به شیوه‌های مختلف دستکاری در سامانه‌ی نام دامنه‌ها (DNS) از اصطلاحات کلی مانند:

• ربودن DNS

• جعل DNS

دستکاری DNS زمانی رخ می‌دهد که هنگام انجام جستجوی DNS برای یک وب‌سایت، یک آدرس IP اشتباه برگردانده می‌شود، که مانع از دسترسی به وب‌سایت درخواست‌شده می‌‌گردد.

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ربودن DNS

User

سرورDNS نادرست (ناصادق)

ooni.org

سرورDNS درست (صادق)

104.198.14.52

ooni.org

6.6.6.6

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جعل DNS

کاربر

سرور DNS

ooni.org

104.198.14.52

6.6.6.6

سانسور DPI

DNS spoofing (also referred to as “DNS injection”) occurs when DNS queries are intercepted and spoofed (faked) DNS answers are injected in response.

Unlike DNS hijacking, where the DNS server is being dishonest, in cases of DNS spoofing the ISP intercepts the request before it even reaches the DNS server, providing you a wrong IP address (and preventing access to the intended website).

DNS spoofing is a more sophisticated technique that imitates the legitimate response of the queried DNS server, yet providing fake data. This form of censorship can be circumvented by using an encrypted DNS resolver, which may require installing additional software.

But even if your ISP does not interfere with DNS and you actually get back the correct IP address for the website you want to access, there are still other ways through which ISPs can implement censorship.

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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Once you have connected to Facebook, how do you access the content hosted on facebook.com? Merely establishing a connection is not enough.

Have you noticed that websites have “http” at the start, when accessed from a browser?

HTTP is the protocol that allows communication between your device and a server. Over the HTTP protocol, your device sends a request to the Facebook website service to retrieve content for a specific page of facebook.com. Once Facebook has received your request, it responds by providing you the content of that page. As you have noticed from your browsing experience, this happens immediately.

However, the transmission of data over the HTTP protocol is unencrypted. This means that if you type your password into a website which is on HTTP, your unencrypted password will travel all the way to Facebook’s server, and third parties who are monitoring internet traffic may be able to see your password.

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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

انتقال یا تبادل رمزگذاری نشده‌ی داده‌ها

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مسدود کردن HTTP

درخواست HTTP توسط پراکسی شفاف HTTP متوقف (و تغییر مسیر داده) می‌شود (مثلاً نمایش یک صفحه‌ی مربوط به مسدود شدن صفحه)

ریست کردن ارتباط

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Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

انتقال یا تبادل رمزگذاری شده‌ی داده‌ها

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Transport Layer Security (TLS)

امنیت لایه‌ی انتقال (TLS) یک پروتکل رمزگذاری است که برای امن‌سازی ارتباطات اینترنتی طراحی شده است.

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Server Name Indication (SNI)

SNI یک افزونه برای پروتکل TLS است که با هدف مشخص کردن نام دامنه‌ی وب‌سایت در طول مراحل برقراری ارتباط TLS طراحی شده است.

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فیلتر بر اساس نشانی نام سرور(SNI)

ریست کردن ارتباط

تایم‌اوت ارتباط

بررسی مسدود کردن TLS در هند:

https://ooni.org/post/2020-tls-blocking-ind i a/

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سوال؟

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اندازی‌گیری شبکه فرآیندی است برای اندازه‌گیری ویژگی‌ها و شرایط خاص یک شبکه

Network measurement is the process of measuring certain attributes of a network.

As internet censorship is implemented on the network level, it is necessary to measure networks in order to gain insight into whether and how it is occurring.

Network measurement is particularly important because there are many reasons why a website or app may appear to be blocked, but not be.

The fact that a site or service is inaccessible doesn’t necessarily mean that it’s blocked by your ISP. Maybe it’s hosted on an unreliable server, or maybe the site or service owner is blocking all IP addresses originating from the country that you are trying to access it from (in compliance with laws and regulations).

By measuring internet censorship, you can inspect a network to examine why an internet service is inaccessible. This data can potentially serve as evidence of internet censorship, since it clearly shows how an ISP blocked access to a specific service.

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بررسی/تایید گزارش‌ها�
کشف کنترل‌های اطلاعاتی�
شفافیت و نظارت�
جمع‌آوری مدارک کنترل‌های اطلاعاتی

چرا سانسور اینترنت باید اندازه‌گیری شود؟

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ندازه‌گیری فعال

اندازه‌گیری مستقیم: درون کشور (نیازمند داوطلبان/کاربران داخل کشور است)
اندازه‌گیری از راه دور: خارج از کشور (اسکن راه دور)

اندازه‌گیری غیرفعال

تحلیل تلمتری

شبکه‌ها چگونه اندازه‌گیری می‌شوند؟

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ابزارهای اندازه‌گیری سانسور اینترنت

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چه وب‌سایت‌هایی توسط ISP من مسدود شده‌اند؟�
تفاوت بین مسدودسازی وب‌سایت‌ها در شبکه‌های مختلف کشورم چیست؟�
آیا اپلیکیشن‌های رسانه‌ای اجتماعی توسط ISP من مسدود شده‌اند؟ �
اگر بله، آنها چگونه دسترسی را مسدود می‌کنند؟�
آیا ابزارهای دور زدن سانسور در شبکه‌ی من کار می‌کنند؟

انواع سوالاتی که از طریق اندازه‌گیری سانسور پاسخ داده می‌شوند:

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شما می‌توانید کاوشگر OONI را روی سیستم‌های زیر نصب کنید:

iOS
Android, F-Droid

کاوشگر OONI همچنین برای دسکتاپ‌های زیر موجود است:

Windows
macOS
Linux

https://ooni.org/install/

https://github.com/ooni/

So how can you measure internet censorship? Over the last decade, OONI – the project I work with – has developed free and open source software with the goal of enabling anyone to perform tests on their network and to measure internet censorship. This software is called “OONI Probe”. OONI Probe is a tool that enables you to detect internet censorship and to collect network measurement data that can potentially serve as evidence.

It is also a tool for contributing censorship measurement data towards one of the largest open datasets on internet censorship around the world.

You can install OONI Probe on both mobile and desktop platforms.

On mobile, you can install OONI Probe on Android, F-Droid, and iOS.

On desktop, you can install OONI Probe on Windows and macOS.

If you’re on Linux, you can install the OONI Probe Command Line Interface.

In general, we’re aiming to ensure that OONI Probe includes the same features on both mobile and desktop platforms. But at the moment, the OONI Probe mobile app includes more features than the desktop app because it was launched a few years earlier.

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نرم‌افزار OONI موارد زیر را تست می‌کند:

مسدود کردن وب‌سایت‌ها

مسدود کردن اپلیکیشن‌های پیام‌رسان فوری

مسدود کردن ابزارهای دور زدن سانسور

تشخیص میان‌جعبه‌ها (middleboxes)

اندازه‌گیری سرعت و کارایی شبکه

https://ooni.org/nettest/

OONI Probe includes a variety of network measurement tests designed to measure different forms of internet censorship.

OONI Probe includes a test, called “Web Connectivity”, which is designed to measure the blocking of websites.

Apart from websites, OONI Probe also includes tests for measuring the blocking of the 4 following instant messaging apps:

WhatsApp
Facebook Messenger
Telegram
Signal

When you run these tests, you can check whether your Internet Service Provider is blocking access to any of these apps.

When instant messaging apps (like WhatsApp) are blocked, we commonly see that ISPs around the world tend to block access to circumvention tools as well. Circumvention tools – such as VPNs -- are tools that enable you to bypass internet censorship.

We therefore added some tests to OONI Probe for checking whether certain circumvention tools work on tested networks.

In particular, OONI Probe includes tests for:

Psiphon VPN
RiseupVPN
Tor and Tor Snowflake

You will notice that the OONI Probe apps also include some “middlebox tests”. A middlebox is a computer networking device that is commonly used by Internet Service Providers around the world and for a number of networking purposes.

But sometimes, middleboxes are also used to implement internet censorship and/or surveillance.

The OONI Probe middlebox tests just check whether such a device is being used on your network, and attempt to identify them. But even if a middlebox has been detected by OONI Probe, that does not necessarily mean that that middlebox is being used for malicious purposes.

Finally, in collaboration with Measurement Lab, we have integrated certain tests into OONI Probe which enable you to measure the speed and performance of your network, and to measure video streaming performance.

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تست خودکار کاوشگر OONI

If we click on the settings, we will see below that there is an option here around automated testing. By default, this is disabled. However, in running tests, you may have received a pop up asking you if you want to enable it. If you haven't already enabled automated testing, you may want to do so through the settings of the app. To enable automated testing, all you need to do is select the option for running tests automatically.

By enabling this option, OONI Probe will automatically run tests multiple times per day without even requiring you to remember to run OONI Probe or to do anything. Particularly on mobile, the way that the way that automated testing works is that it only runs tests automatically when your phone is charging and when you're connected to Wi-Fi. This is done in order to ensure that we don't end up over consuming your battery and your data.

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موقع استفاده از کاوشگر OONI لطفا VPN خود را خاموش کنید

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Citizen Lab

فهرست تست‌ها:

وب‌سایت‌هایی که توسط OONI Probe تست شده‌اند

لیست تست جهانی:

وب‌سایت‌های با اهمیت بین‌المللی

لیست‌های تست مخصوص به کشور:

وب‌سایت‌های مربوط به یک کشور خاص اهمیت دارند

در فهرست تست‌ها مشارکت کنید:

https://test-lists.ooni.org/

مخرن Citizen Lab در Github :

https://github.com/citizenlab/test-lists

When you measure the blocking of websites with OONI Probe, which websites do you test?

OONI Probe tests websites which are included in certain lists, called “test lists”. They are called “test lists” because they are lists that include websites that are meant to be tested.

These test lists are hosted publicly by the Citizen Lab, which is a research organisation at the University of Toronto. In particular, you can find these lists on GitHub, where you can review and contribute to them.

There are 2 types of test lists:

There is the Global test list, which includes internationally relevant websites, such as facebook.com, BBC, and other websites that are commonly accessed by people worldwide. The websites that are included in the Global test list are tested by OONI Probe users in all countries around the world.
On the other hand, there are the country-specific test lists, which include websites that are only relevant to a specific country. For example, the Brazilian test list includes Brazilian news media websites, Brazilian human rights websites, and other websites that are relevant to Brazil. Depending on the country that you are in when you run OONI Probe, you will test the websites included in that country’s test list.

So overall, when you test websites with OONI Probe, you will test websites included in both the Global list and in the list that is specific to the country that you are in.

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Test Lists Editor

https://test-lists.ooni.org/

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در کاوشگر OONI می‌توانید دسته‌‌بندی وب‌سایت‌ها برای تست را انتخاب کنید

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در کاوشگر OONI می‌توانید وب‌سایت‌ مورد نظرتان را تست کنید

The types of websites that we would be testing by default are the websites included in the Citizen Lab test lists. But what if we want to test our own websites that are not included in these lists? What if we want to test our own custom list of websites? To do that, all you need to do is start off by clicking on the website's card. Inside the website's card, you will see that there is a "Choose Websites" button.

When adding the website, it's important to ensure that it is typed correctly. For example, some websites are an HTTPs, while others are an HTTP. Without the "S". Some websites have a www dot in front, while others don't. If you're not sure how to format the specific URL for the websites you want to test, we recommend typing it in a web browser and seeing how it appears. You can then copy it from a web browser and paste it directly in the URL slots over here so that you're sure that what you're testing is the correct URL, the correct website.

If you want to only test this website, you can now click on the run button. If, however, you would like to test more websites, all you need to do is click on the "add website" button.

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نتایج تست کاوشگر OONI

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توجه!

کاوشگر OONI یک ابزار حفظ حریم خصوصی نیست. هر کسی که فعالیت اینترنتی شما را نظارت می‌کند (مثلاً ISP) متوجه می‌شود که شما کاوشگر OONI را اجرا می‌کنید).

انواع URLهای تست شده شامل سایت‌های جنجالی یا مناقشه‌انگیز می‌شود (مثلاً پورنوگرافی).�
به صورت پیش‌فرض، اندازه‌گیری‌های OONI به صورت علنی منتشر می‌شوند.

https://ooni.org/fa/about/risks/

Running OONI Probe can potentially be risky for some users in high-risk environments.

Anyone monitoring your internet activity (e.g. ISP, government, employer) will be able to see that you are running OONI Probe.

The fact that you are running OONI Probe (a tool designed to measure internet censorship) is not in itself hidden.

By default, OONI Probe tests a broad range of websites, including provocative or objectionable sites (e.g. pornography), which might be illegal in some countries.

By default, all network measurement data collected by OONI Probe is published as open data in real-time to increase transparency of internet censorship, foster public debate, and support research.

However, sending local network information to foreign servers might not be viewed favourably by some governments.

OONI Probe is not a privacy tool, but we care about the privacy and safety of our community.

OONI Probe therefore does not collect IP addresses or any other personally-identifiable information.

Ultimately, the potential risks depend on your threat model, and the laws and regulations of the country that you are running OONI Probe from. If you have concerns, we recommend seeking advice from local lawyers and digital security experts.

To our knowledge, no OONI Probe user has ever faced consequences as a result of using our software.

We nonetheless recommend reading our documentation about potential risks, shared in the resources below this lesson.

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سوال؟

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OONI Data

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OONI Explorer

https://explorer.ooni.org/fa

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OONI Explorer Search Tool

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Measurement Aggregation Toolkit

(MAT)

https://explorer.ooni.org/fa/chart/mat

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OONI Data

https://ooni.org/data/

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عادی. زمانی که همه چیز درست است (مثلاً وب‌سایت تست‌شده قابل دسترسی است).

�

تایید مسدودیت. زمانی که یک صفحه مسدودشده را تشخیص می‌دهیم؛ یا رزولوشن DNS، یک آدرس IP مرتبط با سانسور را برمی‌گرداند، ما به صورت خودکار مسدودیت یک وب‌سایت را تایید می‌کنیم (با افزودن نشانه به پایگاه داده‌های OONI).�
ناهنجار. هشدار می‌دهیم که مشکلی وجود دارد (باید داده‌های اندازه‌گیری را با دقت بیشتری بررسی کنیم). اندازه‌گیری‌های ناهنجار ممکن است شواهدی از سانسور داشته باشند، اما لزوماً اینطور نیست (به عنوان مثال وقتی نتیجه، مثبت کاذب است).

داده‌های OONI را چگونه تفسیر کنیم؟

An OONI measurement is annotated as “normal” if everything works as expected – based on OONI methodologies.

For example, if a tested website is found to be accessible, it is annotated as “normal”. If the testing of WhatsApp shows that it’s possible to connect to WhatsApp from a tested network, that measurement is annotated as “normal”.

Essentially, “normal” measurements are those where we do NOT find any signs of censorship – at least not based on OONI testing methodologies.

In the OONI Probe apps and on OONI Explorer, you will see that “normal” measurements are annotated with a tick and a green header.

When you test websites with OONI Probe, it is possible that the outcome can be “confirmed blocked”. These are cases when we are able to automatically confirm the blocking of websites.

Currently, you will only find “confirmed blocked” measurements through OONI Explorer, since the automatic confirmation of blocking requires backend analysis.

“Confirmed blocked” measurements are annotated with an X and a red header.

Based on our current heuristics, we are able to automatically confirm the blocking of a website if a censor serves a block page or if the DNS resolution returns an IP address that is known to be associated with censorship.

However, many forms of internet censorship don’t involve block pages.

Instead, ISPs implement internet censorship using a variety of different techniques, such as DNS tampering and IP blocking – as discussed in previous lessons. These other forms of censorship – which we are currently unable to confirm automatically – are annotated as “anomalies”.

An “anomalous” OONI measurement provides a signal of potential censorship. An OONI measurement is annotated as “anomalous” when the tested service didn’t meet all the criteria for accessibility (based on OONI methods), and might therefore be blocked on the tested network.

Anomalous OONI measurements are annotated with an exclamation mark and an orange header.

Such measurements often do contain evidence of blocking, and most of your OONI analysis will involve looking at “anomalous” measurements. However, it’s important to remember that “anomalous” measurements may contain false positives, which is why we’re hesitant to annotate them as “confirmed blocked”.

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بررسی تست یک وب‌سایت یا اپلیکیشن:

در سطح شبکه (ASN)
بر اساس زمان
بر اساس نوع ناهنجاری

اگر یک ناهنجاری (مثلا DNS) دائما در تمام اندازه‌گیری‌ها در طول زمان و در یک شبکه پایدار باشد، این می‌تواند نشانی بر احتمال سانسور باشد.

نکات کلیدی برای تجزیه و تحلیل

Within the OONI context, false positives are cases when a tested service may look like it’s blocked, but it’s actually not. And there are many reasons why false positives can occur.

False positives commonly occur due to transient network failures. If OONI Probe tests are performed on an unstable network, the test results may show signs of potential TCP/IP interference, when in fact network errors can cause the TCP connection to drop.

If a website is hosted on an unreliable server, the tested website may return failures (even though it’s not blocked), resulting in false positives.

If the DNS resolver of an OONI Probe user (such as Google or their local ISP) provides an IP addresses that is closest to the user geographically, that IP address may differ from the IP address resolved from a control vantage point, potentially incorrectly indicating the presence of DNS tampering.

Moreover, many websites serve different content depending on the country that the user is connecting from. In these cases, the HTTP responses from the network of the OONI Probe user and from the control vantage point will differ, potentially incorrectly indicating the presence of HTTP based interference.

In short, there are many reasons why false positives can occur, which is why it’s important to inspect the raw data in an “anomalous” measurement.

To rule out a false positive, the main question you can ask is: Does the tested service fail in the same way every time that it is tested on a specific network in a specific country?

All these questions are necessary for checking whether the type of anomaly is persistent for a tested service. They are also the type of questions worth asking when examining OONI data in aggregate.

To evaluate whether Twitter was blocked in Nigeria, it’s useful to be able to look at many relevant measurements at once, in order to be able to see whether most measurements presented anomalies, and whether those measurements presented the same types of anomalies. We’ll be discussing how to look at OONI data in aggregate a bit further during the next lessons.

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سوال؟

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کیت تجمیع اندازه‌گیری‌ها (MAT) را روی اکسپلورر OONI امتحان کنید!

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حالا چکار کنیم؟

1. کاوشگر OONI را روی یکی از دستگاه‌های خود نصب کنید�

2. ‘تست خودکار’ را در تنظیمات اپلیکیشن خود فعال کنید�

3. VPN را چند ساعت در روز خاموش کنید (مثلاً شب‌ها)�

4. اگر نشانه‌ای از سانسور مشاهده کردید، با ما به اشتراک بگذارید

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٬اندازه‌گیری سانسور اینترنت با ابزارهای OONI و داده‌های آزاد٬ که توسط Advocacy Assembly ارائه می‌شود.

این دوره به زبان‌های انگلیسی، عربی، فارسی و اسپانیائی موجود است

در دوره‌ی آنلاین ما ثبت‌نام کنید!

https://advocacyassembly.org/fa/courses/63/

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به بحث‌های جامعه بپیوندید:

https://slack.ooni.o rg

از کاوشگر OONI استفاده کنید:

https://ooni.org/instal l /

به لیست‌های تست کمک کنید:

https://test-lists.ooni.org/

داده‌های OONI را تجزیه و تحلیل کنید:

https://ooni.org/data/

تجربه‌ی خود را به اشتراک بگذارید

مشارکت کنید!

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با ما در ارتباط باشید

contact@openobservatory.org

@OpenObservatory

github.com/ooni