FABRICADEMY 2024-25
TUTORIALS
3D BIOPRINTING
TUTORIAL
PETRA GARAJOVÁ
Fabricademy | Textile & Technology Academy 2024/25
Fabricademy | 3D Bioprinting Tutorial
CONTENT
1.
MATERIAL PRACTICE
2.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
5.
HANDPRINTING
4.
RECIPES
3.
DESIGN PROCESS
6.
PASTE PRINTING KIT
MATERIAL CLASSIFICATION
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Source: Biofabrication: reappraising the definition of an evolving field, Jurgen Groll, 2016
FABRICATION TECHNIQUES
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Moulding
3D printing
Sewing
CNC Milling
ADVANCED MANUFACTURING & BIOMATERIALS
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Minimizing the material waste compared to cutting or carving by integrating circular economy from renewable or waste material sources
Waste reduction
Complex geometries and custom-fit products or garments supporting on demand production
Personalization
Accelerates design prototyping and local production with environmental benefits
Rapid prototyping
Biomaterials often have lower levels of toxins compared to traditional plastics, metals, or synthetic materials.
Life cycle and impact
DIGITAL MANUFACTURING
DESKTOP
CUSTOMIZED
LARGE SCALE
BIO
ROBOTIC ARM
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SCALE
DESIGN PROCESS
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DESIGN FORMS
2D REGULAR / PARAMETRIC PATTERN
FROM 2D PATTERN TO 3D
3D REGULAR / PARAMETRIC PATTERN
3D printing with bioplastics
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Klarenbeek and Dros
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"The algae grow by absorbing the carbon and producing a starch that can be used as a raw material for bioplastics or binding agents. The waste product is oxygen, clean air."
Klarenbeek and Dros
3D BAKERY
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BIOPLASTICS
KRILL DESIGN
Orange peels, lemon peels and coffee
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BIOPLASTICS
MATERIALITY RESEARCH GROUP
3D PRINTING BIOPLASTICS, 2018/19
BIOPLASTICS
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LAURA CIVETTI
TRINITY, 2020/21
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BIOPLASTICS
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LAURA CIVETTI
TRINITY, 2020/21
BIOPLASTICS
OPEN SOURCE RECIPES - MATERIOM LIBRARY
Oyster Shells & Sodium Alginate composite
by Marcos Georgiu
Live pomace & Sodium Alginate composite
by Serdar Asut
Egg Shells & Xantham gum composite
by Ana Otero
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Fabricademy | 3D Bioprinting Tutorial
NERI OXMAN
AGUAHOJA, 2014-20
BIOPLASTICS - ROBOTIC FABRICATION
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NERI OXMAN
AGUAHOJA, 2014-20
BIOPLASTICS - ROBOTIC FABRICATION
ILAENA MARIA NAPIER - IAAC
AMBER LAMINARIA, 2020/21
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BIOPLASTICS - ROBOTIC FABRICATION
CORTEZA - IAAC
Gizem Demirkiran, 2023
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BIOPLASTICS - ROBOTIC FABRICATION
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CORTEZA - IAAC
Gizem Demirkiran, 2023
BIOPLASTICS - ROBOTIC FABRICATION
CORK.CATENATION - IAAC (nonplanar printing)
Team member(s): Ignacio Salinas Barrena, Diego Zambrano, Akshay Khaneja, Aditya Roy Chowdhury and Greig Thomas, 2024
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BIOPLASTICS - ROBOTIC FABRICATION
3D printing with living materials
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Photo: bioDigital Matter Lab, Sweden, Pulp Faction
BLAST STUDIO UK
3D PRINTED MYCELIUM & CLAY
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JUSTIN SHEINBERG IAAC
MYCELIUM & RECYCLED CLAY
LIVING MATERIALS - ROBOTIC FABRICATION
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WASP ITALY
MYCERA, 3D printing mycelium reinforced structures
LIVING MATERIALS - ROBOTIC FABRICATION
BIOBABES - JESSICA DIAS
HYPER ARTICULATED MYCO-MORPHS, 2016/17
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LIVING MATERIALS - MYCELIUM
Researchers
Silvan GantenbeinEmanuele ColucciJulian KächEtienne TrachselFergal B. CoulterPatrick A.RühsKunal MasaniaAndré R. Studart
Institution
Complex Materials Group, ETH Zurich
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LIVING MATERIALS - MYCELIUM
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LIVING MATERIALS - ROBOTIC FABRICATION
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LIVING MATERIALS
FABTEXTILES
EXTRUDED KOMBUCHA, 2021/22
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LIVING MATERIALS
Paste Printing
Fab Lab Barcelona
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Eduardo Chamorro, Santi Fuentemilla, Petra Garajová
FAB LAB BARCELONA
3D PRINTED POTATOES, 2020
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FAB LAB BARCELONA
3D PRINTED POTATOES, 2020
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3D PRINTERS
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PRINTER MODIFICATION
EXTRUDER
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DESKTOP
CUSTOMIZED
PRINTER MODIFICATION
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PASTE PRINTING KIT
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PRINTER MODIFICATION
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EXTRUDER ASSEMBLY
MACHINE ASSEMBLY
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RECIPES
1.
Biopolymer
Sodium Alginate
Gelatin
Agar Agar
Starch
Pectin
Sugar Cane
2.
Biolasticiser
Glycerol
Sorbitol
Oil
Xanthan gum
Guar gum
3.
Solvent
Water
Dye bath leftovers
Vinegar
4.
Additives
Fillers:
Eggshells
Oystershell
Avocado pits
Orange peels
Coffee grounds
Colorants:
Charcoal powder
Mica
Turmeric
Cinnamon
Spirulina
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Fabricademy | 3D Bioprinting Tutorial
Sodium alginate
CMC Cellulose
Agar agar
Casein
LIVING MATERIALS - OPEN SOURCED EDUCATION
RECIPES
SODIUM ALGINATE & CELLULOSE
RECIPE-01
Material name amount g / ml
Sodium alginate 4 g
CMC 5 g
Water 200 ml
Glycerol 1 tbsp
Filler 5 spoons
Tools
Hand blender
Measuring cup
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Description: a naturally occurring anionic polymer typically obtained from brown seaweed due to its biocompatibility, low toxicity, relatively low cost, although the addition of divalent Ca2+ (calcium ions) results in mild gelation. It's a water-insoluble, gelatinous, cream-coloured substance that can be created through the addition of aqueous calcium chloride to aqueous sodium alginate.
Common use: in biology, but primarily known for its healing properties due to the compound's ability to encase enzymes in order to simulate new plant tissue.
Description: a cellulose gum is used in food as a viscosity modifier or thickener, and to stabilize emulsions in various products including ice cream. It is synthesized by the alkali-catalyzed reaction of cellulose with chloroacetic acid.It is also a constituent of many non-food products. Knitted fabric made of cellulose (cotton or viscose rayon) may be converted into CMC and used in various medical applications.
Common use: It is used primarily because it has high viscosity, is nontoxic, and is generally considered to be hypoallergenic as the major source fiber is either softwood pulp or cotton linter.
RECIPES
GUAR GUM
RECIPE-02
Material name amount g / ml
Guar gum 8 g
Water 200 ml
Filler 7 spoons
Tools
Hand blender
Digital scale
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Description: is a galactomannan polysaccharide extracted from guar beans that has thickening and stabilizing properties useful in food, feed, and industrial applications.The guar seeds are mechanically dehusked, hydrated, milled and screened according to application. it has almost eight times the water-thickening ability of other agents (cornstarch) and only a small quantity is needed for producing sufficient viscosity. In addition to guar gum's effects on viscosity, its high ability to flow, or deform.
Common use: One use of guar gum is a thickening agent in foods and medicines for humans and animals.
FOOD WASTE
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Sources:
HANDPRINTING
SAUCE BOTTLE
SYRINGE
BAKERY TOOLS
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HANDPRINTING
MARCOS GEORGIOU
BIOGUN
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HANDPRINTING
a. Prototype_01
Layers: 6
Nozzle: 2 mm
b. Prototype_02
Layer: 3
Nozzle: 3 mm
c. Prototype_03
Layers: 4
Nozzle: 3 mm
d. Prototype_04
Layers: 3
Nozzle: 3 mm
a.
b.
b.
c.
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G-CODE - GRASSHOPPER
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MAMBA PLUGIN
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MAMBA PLUGIN
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G-CODE - REPETIER
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G-CODE - CURA
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G-CODE - CURA
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Add a printer > look for a non multimaker printer
Search for FablabBCN
And select
“PASTE PRINTER”> ADD
G-CODE - CURA
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Adjust your parameters such as nozzle size, dimensions, etc
G-CODE - CURA
Fabricademy | 3D Bioprinting Tutorial
G-CODE - CURA
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Basic Configuration Files
There are two types of configuration files:
Copy each of these into the respective configuration folder in Cura. The paths are as follows:
SEND TO PRINT
Geometry
Insert / Create
Rhino / GH
Slicing
Objects position
Printing speed
Layer height
Base
Wall thickness
Nozzle diameter
G-Code
Copy Data Only from Grasshopper
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Repetier
G-code copy
3D printer
Cannection
Send to print!
G-Code
Set up the slicing setting in Cura
MACHINE SET UP
Material
preparation
Mixtures
Printability
Density of the paste
Set up!
Material tank
Calibration
Nozzle diameter
Pressure
Air-compressor
Software
G-code Grasshopper
Repetier
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HIGH DENSITY
LOW STICKINESS
MEDIUM FLEXIBILITY
LOW WATER CONTENT
FINE ADDITIVES
MATERIAL FACTORS
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Fab Lab BIO 3D-PRINTING
PRINTING SETUP
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3D PRINTING SETTINGS & DOCUMENTATION
RECIPE_01
1.2 mm
5
Layer height
Layers
Nozzle
Printing speed
Printing time
Pressure / Bars
Drying
2 mm
250 mm/s
2 m 45 s
3 bars
30 h
KERATIN TAPIOCA STARCH
Size
70 x 70 mm
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PASTE 3D-PRINTING
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Fabricademy | 3D Bioprinting Tutorial
Thank you!
FABRICADEMY
2024-2025
Petra Garajová
Material Research
-
petra@fablabbcn.org