1 of 52

Functional Anatomy/Kinesiology�Overhand Volleyball Serve

Nicole DeBolt, Sarah Jeffreys, Antonio Williams

PET3325, 10976

April 10th, 2018

​

2 of 52

Volleyball Serve

  • Video of Movement
  • Phases
    • Phase 1 - Drawback
    • Phase 2 - Swing
    • Phase 3 - Follow Through
  • Axes
  • Planes
  • Bones

​

  • Muscles
    • Agonists
    • Antagonists
    • Synergists
  • Tendons
    • Origins and Insertions
  • Summary
  • References

3 of 52

4 of 52

5 of 52

Phases of a Serve

1 2 3

Drawback

Swing

Follow Through

6 of 52

Movements¹

Phase 1 - Drawback

  • Body Lined up to Target
  • Weight on Back Foot
  • Dominant Arm Back
  • Elbow High
  • Shoulder Abduction
  • Shoulder External Rotation
  • Elbow Flexion
  • Wrist Pronation

​

¹Reeser, Jonathan C., 2010

7 of 52

Movements¹

Phase 2 - Swing

  • Contacting Ball at midline
  • Circumduction
  • Shoulder Extension
  • Shoulder Internal Rotation

​

¹Reeser, Jonathan C., 2010

8 of 52

Movements¹

Phase 3 - Follow Through

  • Slow Swing Following Contact
  • Shoulder Internal Rotation
  • Elbow Extension
  • Wrist Flexion on contact

¹Reeser, Jonathan C., 2010

9 of 52

Variations

  • Underhand Serve
    • Beginner
    • Contacting underneath the ball

​

​

​

  • Jump Float
    • Jump Adds Power

​

  • Top Spin
    • Most Advanced
    • Most Powerful

10 of 52

Axes²

Sagittal Horizontal Axis

​

Frontal Horizontal Axis

​

​

²Cardinal Planes and Axes of Movement.

11 of 52

Planes

Sagittal plane

  • Shoulder Flexion
  • Elbow Flexion

​

12 of 52

Planes

Transverse plane

  • Hip Rotation

13 of 52

Planes

Frontal plane

  • Shoulder Abduction
  • External Rotation

​

14 of 52

Bones³

Clavicle

Scapula

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

Carpal Bones

Clavicle

Scapula

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

Carpals

³Arm Bones Anatomy, 2014

15 of 52

Bones³

  • Clavicle
  • Scapula
  • Humerus

​

³Arm Bones Anatomy, 2014

16 of 52

Bones³

  • Radius
    • Lateral side
    • Part of Elbow and Wrist Joint
    • Joins with the capitulum of the humerus
    • Joins with the ulna at the radial notch

​

  • Ulna
    • Medial side

Ulna

​

Radius

³Arm Bones Anatomy, 2014

17 of 52

Bones³

  • Carpals
    • 8 Small Bones Connect Forearm to Hand
    • Facilitates Positioning of Hand
    • Hand Positioning Directs Serve

​

³Arm Bones Anatomy, 2014

18 of 52

Muscles: Shoulder Joint Agonists⁴

Shoulder Flexion: Anterior Deltoid and Pectoralis Major

Shoulder Extension: Latissimus Dorsi and Posterior Deltoid

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

19 of 52

Muscles: Shoulder Joint Agonists⁴

Shoulder External Rotation: Infraspinatus and Teres Minor

Shoulder Internal Rotation: Subscapularis

​

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

20 of 52

Muscles: Elbow Joint Agonist⁴

Elbow Flexion: Biceps Brachii

Elbow Extension: Triceps Brachii

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

21 of 52

Muscles: Forearm Agonist⁴

Pronation: Pronator Teres

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

22 of 52

Muscles: Wrist Joint Agonists⁴

Wrist Flexion: Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, and Flexor Digitorum Profundus

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

23 of 52

Muscles: Wrist Joint Agonists⁴

Wrist Extension: Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Digitorum, and Extensor Digiti Minimi

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

24 of 52

Muscles: Shoulder Joint Antagonist⁴

Shoulder Flexion: Posterior Deltoid and Latissimus Dorsi

Shoulder Extension: Anterior Deltoid and Pectoralis Major

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

25 of 52

Muscles: Shoulder Joint Antagonist⁴

External Rotation: Subscapularis

Internal Rotation: Infraspinatus and Teres Minor

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

26 of 52

Muscles: Elbow Joint Antagonists⁴

Elbow Flexion: Triceps Brachii and Anconeus

​

​

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

27 of 52

Muscles: Elbow Joint Antagonists⁴

Elbow Extension: Biceps Brachii, Brachioradialis, and Brachialis

​

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

28 of 52

Muscles: Forearm Antagonists⁴

Pronation: Supinator

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

29 of 52

Muscles: Wrist Joint Antagonists⁴

Wrist Flexion: Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Digiti Minimi, and Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus,

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

30 of 52

Muscles: Wrist Joint Antagonists⁴

Extension: Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, and Flexor Digitorum Profundus

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

31 of 52

Muscles: Shoulder Joint Synergist⁴

Shoulder Flexion: Biceps Brachii and Coracobrachialis

​

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

32 of 52

Muscles: Shoulder Joint Synergist⁴

​

Shoulder Extension: Triceps Brachii and Teres Major

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

33 of 52

Muscles: Shoulder Joint Synergist⁴

Shoulder Internal rotation: Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi, and Teres Major

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

34 of 52

Muscles: Shoulder Joint Synergist⁴

External rotation: Posterior Deltoid and Supraspinatus �

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

35 of 52

Muscles: Elbow Joint Synergists⁴

Elbow Flexion: Brachialis and Brachioradialis

Elbow Extension: Anconeus

​

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

36 of 52

Muscles: Forearm Synergists⁴

Pronation: Pronator Quadratus and Brachioradialis

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

37 of 52

Muscles: Wrist Joint Synergist

Wrist Flexion: Palmaris Longus

Wrist Extension: Extensor Indicis

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

38 of 52

Tendons of the Deltoid⁴

Origin: Clavicle and Acromion Process of Clavicle

Insertion: Deltoid Tuberosity of Humerus

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

39 of 52

Tendons of the Pectoralis Major⁴

Origin: � -Clavicular Head: Anterior Surface of Medial Half of Clavicle�� -Sternal Head: Sternum, Upper Costal Cartilage and External Oblique

Insertion: � -Clavicular Head: Bicipital Groove of Humerus�� -Sternal Head: Crest of greater tubercle of Humerus

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

40 of 52

Tendons of the Latissimus Dorsi⁴

Origin: Spinous Process of T6-L5, Ilium, Lower 3 ribs, �Inferior Angle of Scapula

Insertion: Edge of the Bicipital Groove

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

41 of 52

Tendons of the Infraspinatus⁴

Origin: Infraspinous Process

Insertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

42 of 52

Tendons of Teres Minor⁴

Origin: Middle Part of Lateral Border of Scapula

Insertion: Inferior Aspect of Greater Tubercle of Humerus

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

43 of 52

Tendons of the Subscapularis⁴

Origin: Medial Two Thirds of Subscapular Fossa

Insertion: Lesser Tubercle of Humerus, Upper Medial Lip of Bicipital Groove

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

44 of 52

Tendons of the Biceps Brachii⁴

Origin: � -Long head: Coracoid Process� -Short head: Supraglenoid Tubercle

Insertion: Radial Tuberosity

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

45 of 52

Tendons of the Triceps Brachii⁴

Origin: � -Long head: Infraglenoid Tubercle� -Medial head: Posterior Humerus, � Superior to Radial Groove� -Lateral head: Posterior Humerus, � Inferior to Radial Groove

Insertion: Olecranon Process of Ulna

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

46 of 52

Tendons of Extensor Wrist Muscles⁴

Origin: Common Extensor Tendon

  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
    • Insertion: 3rd Metacarpal
  • Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
    • Insertion: 5th Metacarpal
  • Extensor Digitorum
    • Insertion: Bases of distal phalanges
  • Extensor Digiti Minimi
    • Insertion: Proximal phalanx of 5th finger

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

47 of 52

Tendons of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus⁴

​

Origin: Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of Humerus

​

Insertion: 2nd Metacarpal

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

48 of 52

Tendons of Flexor Wrist Muscles⁴

Origin: Common Flexor Tendon

  • Flexor Carpi Radialis
    • Insertion: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
  • Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
    • Insertion: Pisiform, Hamate, 5th metacarpal
  • Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
    • Insertion: Middle phalanges of fingers

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

49 of 52

Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Profundus⁴

Origin: Proximal portion of the ulna

Insertion: Distal phalanges of the four fingers

​

​

⁴Behnke, Kinetic, 2012

50 of 52

Volleyball Serve

  • In conclusion, the volleyball serve is a movement that involves an overhead rotation of the glenohumeral joint and moves into elbow extension and wrist flexion as the movement is completed. It is a multiplanar and multi-joint action that involves many of the muscles in the upper half of one’s body and requires a lot of very detailed movements in order to perfect it.

51 of 52

References

  1. Reeser, Jonathan C., et al. Sports Health, SAGE Publications, Sept. 2010, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3445065/.
  2. “Cardinal Planes and Axes of Movement.” Physiopedia, www.physio-pedia.com/Cardinal_Planes_and_Axes_of_Movement.
  3. “Arm Bones Anatomy, Diagram & Function | Body Maps.” Healthline, Healthline Media, 17 Nov. 2014, www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/arm-bones.
  4. Behnke, R. S. (2012). Kinetic Anatomy (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.�
  5. “Muscles That Act on the Arm.” GetBodySmart, www.getbodysmart.com/arm-muscles/.
  6. “Subscapularis.” Subscapularis, www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/subs.htm.
  7. “Tendon vs. Ligament.” MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image, medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/19089.htm.

52 of 52

Thank You!

​

Any Questions?