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  • BRANCH-MECHANICAL & AUTOMOBILE ENGG.
  • WINTER:2021

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  • SEM-3rd

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  • TOPIC-SPRING MATERIALS

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  • NAME –Er. SIDHARTHA KUMAR MOHANTA

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CONTENTS

🞭 What is springs?

🞭 Spring material

🞭 Material Selection Chart

🞭 Series Combination Spring

🞭 Parallel Combination Spring

(a) Symmetrical Displacement

  1. Unsymmetrical Displacement

🞭 Combined System

🞭 Classification of Springs

    • Helical Springs
      1. Tension Helical Springs
      2. Compression Helical

Springs

(iii) Torsion Helical Springs

(iv) Spiral Helical Springs

(b) Leaf Spring

🞭 Application of Springs

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WHAT IS SPRING

  • Springs are elastic bodies (generally metal) that can be twisted, pulled, or stretched by some force. They can return to their original shape when the force is released.
  • In other words it is also termed as a resilient member.

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SPRING MATERIALS

The mainly used material for manufacturing the springs are as follows:

  1. Chrome vanadium.
  2. Chrome silicon.
  1. Hard drawn high carbon steel.
  2. Oil tempered high carbon steel.
  3. Stainless steel
  1. Copper or nickel based alloys.
  2. Phosphor bronze.
  3. Inconel.
  4. Monel Titanium.

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CLASSIFICATION OF SPRINGS

  • Helical springs

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  • Leaf springs

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(A) HELICAL SPRING CLASSIFICATION

A helical spring, also known as a coil spring, is a mechanical device, which is typically used to store energy and subsequently release it, to absorb shock, or to maintain a force between contacting surfaces. They are made of an elastic material formed into the shape of a helix which returns to its natural length when unloaded.

Metal helical(coil) springs are made by winding a wire around a shaped former - a cylinder is used to form cylindrical helical(coil) springs.

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HELICAL SPRING TYPES

III.

  1. Tension helical spring
  2. Compression helical spring

Torsion spring

IV. Spiral spring

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(I) TENSION HELICAL SPRING(EXTENSION SPRING)

  1. It has some means of transferring the load from the support to the body by means of some arrangement.
  2. It stretches apart to create load.
  3. The gap between the successive coils is small.
  4. The wire is coiled in a sequence that the turn is at right angles to the axis of the spring.

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EXTENSION SPRINGS AND ITS END HOOKS

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(II) COMPRESSION HELICAL

SPRING

  • Among the four types, the plain end type is less expensive to manufacture. It tends to bow sideways when applying a compressive load.

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(III) TORSION SPRING

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  1. It is also a form of helical spring, but it rotates about an axis to create load.
  2. It releases the load in an arc around the axis
  3. Mainly used for torque transmission
  4. The ends of the spring are attached to other application objects, so that if the object rotates around the center of the spring, it tends to push the spring to retrieve its normal position.

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(IV) SPIRAL SPRING

  1. It is made of a band of steel wrapped around itself a number of times to create a geometric shape.
  2. Its inner end is attached to an arbor and outer end is attached to a retaining drum.
  3. It has a few rotations and also contains a thicker band of steel.
  4. It releases power when it unwinds.

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(B) LEAF SPRING

  • Sometimes it is also called as a semi-elliptical spring, as it takes the form of a slender arc shaped length of spring steel of rectangular cross section.
  • The center of the arc provides the location for the axle, while the tie holes are provided at either end for attaching to the vehicle body.
  • Heavy vehicles, leaves are stacked one upon the other to ensure rigidity and strength.
  • It provides dampness and springing function.

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  • It can be attached directly to the frame at the both ends or attached directly to one end, usually at the front, with the other end attached through a shackle, a short swinging arm.
  • The shackle takes up the tendency of the leaf spring to elongate when it gets compressed and by which the spring becomes softer.
  • Thus depending upon the load bearing capacity of the vehicle the leaf spring is designed with graduated and Ungraduated leaves.

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APPLICATIONS OF SPRINGS

  • To apply forces and controlling motion, as in brakes and clutches.
  • Measuring forces, as in the case of a spring balance.
  • Storing energy, as in the case of springs used in watches and toys.
  • Reducing the effect of shocks and vibrations in vehicles and machine foundations.

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