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GERBERA

= herbras – Gerbera jamesonii

- As Ornamental Plant and cut flower

Perennial plant ,

Origin from South Africa

famili Compositae

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  • Produce divisions and flowering continously everytime from old clump secara bergantian
  • High can reach until 50 cm, root spread (serabut)
  • Single Leaf, roset shape, bercelah tidak rata ditumbuhi bulu, flowering at tip of the stem, long stalk.
  • berbentuk cakram

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  • Petal of Flower have similarity with kumpulan pita tersusun rapi membulat
  • Each of stalk,various, red, pink, yellow, krem dan orange

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There are 3 structure petal of Gerbera flower:

  • Single : petal of flower – only 1 layer, usually single ( white, red and yellow )
  • Double : petal of flower consist of 2 layer 🡪 various flower, more than 1 colour .
  • Triple : petal of flower consist of 3 layer 🡪 the colour more than 2 colour.

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4

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Growth Requirement

  • Vegetatif – Generatif growth optimal in the altitude of 600 – 1400 m dpl
  • Full intensity of light, temperature 21 – 27 0 C, minimum 160C
  • Fertile soil, rich organic material, have good aeration and porous.
  • pH 5.5 – 6, soil 🡪 must have good Water Holding Capacity
  • Add gambut atau pukan yang telah terdekomposisi

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5

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Cultivation of �Plant

  • Seed and Propagation of Plant
  • Field Cultivation
  • Plantting
  • Re-planting
  • Watering
  • Weeding dan penggemburan
  • Defoliation
  • Fertilizing
  • Handling of Pest and Disease
  • Harvest and Post Harvest

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6

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Seed and Propagation of Plant

  • Seedling should be have same size 🡪 agar tumbuh serempak
  • Free from pest and disease ,
  • Provided with prosperous enough
  • Seedling from tissue culture 🡪 Commercial for breeder 🡪 from Holland Florist de Kwakel BV, Presman Gerbera BV, Piet Schreurs de Kwakel BV
  • Generatif propagation 🡪 for pot plant or vegetatif with splitting / divisions or cut rimpang divisions from mother plant that healthy and the age up to 1,5 years
  • The young divisions 🡪 not produce generatif shoot yet.

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7

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  • Washing and clean up with leave it 2 -3 leaf
  • Pulse and place for few minute in Benlate 0.5 g/l or Previcur 1 cc/l for 15 minute
  • For stimulate the root 🡪 used Rootone F ( Plant Growth Regulator + fungicide )

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  • Planting to the row, with mix media Soil : pukan = 2 : 1 with plant spacing 5 x 5 cm (for smaller varieties) and 7x7 cm ( for bigger varieties )
  • Drench 1 – 2 / day 🡪 see the weather condition
  • Ready to planting 🡪 age’s 3 – 4 weeks when have 12 new leaves and

root 3 – 5 cm

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9

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Cultivation the field

  • Cultivate 2 – 3 weeks before planting
  • cangkul dengan deepth 40 cm until soil structure fertile enough
  • Make row width 1 m heigth 25 cm, and the distance between row 50 cm
  • Add pukan/organic material decomposizied 2 – 3 m3/100m2 – mix until complete
  • 1 weeks before planting 🡪+ Urea 40 g, TSP 60g and KCl 75g per m2
  • Soil sterilization with basamid or steaming

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10

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Planting

  • Palnting with 40 cm between outside of the row and 30 inside row
  • Plant hole : 1 cangkulan
  • Planting all of root 🡪 leher akar tertimbun tanah, jangan ada akar yang terlipat atau diluruskan ke bawah tetapi dihamparkan horisontal didasar lubang 🡪 early morning or afternoon 🡪 drench / watering it.

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  • Replanting
  • Replanting not more than 30 days in the morning or afternoon.
  • Watering
  • Normal condition : require 6 liter/hr/m2
  • Before the initiation of flowering 🡪 can applied overhead sprinkler, after that 🡪 can use drip irigation

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12

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Weeding dan penggemburan

  • Weeding to reduce the competition between plant and weed.
  • Penggemburan to increase the soil porosity 🡪 to make better aerase & drainase.
  • Weeding and penggemburan biasanya 🡪 do it all together dengan pembubunan to make main stalk 🡪 in surface of soil.

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13

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Defoliation

  • Put off dried leaf and dried flower, wilted or infected pest and disease
  • Do it together with penjarangan rumpun. Crowded clump 🡪 invite the pest and disease 🡪 flower has decreasing quality 🡪 smaller stem and size of flower smaller too.

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Fertilizing

  • Organic gertilizer –pukan ayam before basic fertilizer 🡪 re-applied every each years : 1 – 2 kg/m2

  • Plant that age : 1 – 2 month after planting 🡪 200g Urea, 100 g KNO3 dissolved with 100 l air with application 3 liter/m2 – watering the row once a week.

  • After the age 2 month more 🡪 10 – 5 g NPK 15:15:15 per plant and 7 gram MgSO4 / m2 sowing surrounded the plant 🡪 application 1 years 🡪 once time

  • Foliage fertilizer and Plant Growth Regulator (ZPT) 10 lliter foliage fertilizer/m2
  • Green Vitabloom (30-10-10) and yellow 5-50-17 with consentration 3 g / liter every weeks, need rotation
  • Atonik 1cc/10 l water 🡪 applied together with vitabloom, to stimulate root and leave growth .

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15

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  • Handling Pest and Disease
  • Tungau, kumbang, ulat, kutu daun,, thrips, belalang, siput
  • Penyakit Bercak daun Coreospora, kapang kelabu, tepung

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16

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�Harvest and Post Harvest

  • 1st flower and 2nd flower (3 – 5 month after planting ) 🡪 put off because < standar, more than 6 month 🡪 better quality
  • ¾ rise and open up – ready to harvest and have 1 – 2 lingkar cincin benang sari
  • Harvest with hand, the method : Panen dengan tangan dengan cara memutar dan pull off – pulse into the water and placed in the shade place.
  • Per clump 🡪 produce 5 – 15 kuntum/ years or 35 – 105 kuntum per m2

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Harvest :

  • Sortiage < 40 cm pull off
  • > 40 cm good flower, free from pest and disease, fresh and each of flower wraped by paper berbentuk kerucut, ikat per 10 tangkai – wraped paper.
  • For delivery outside city and export 🡪 packing in special kardus
  • ditata mendatar dan rtangkai sejajar, tangkai diberi tabung plastik yang berisi air

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