GERBERA

= herbras – Gerbera jamesonii

- As Ornamental Plant and cut flower

Perennial plant ,

Origin from South Africa

famili Compositae

• Produce divisions and flowering continously everytime from old clump secara bergantian
• High can reach until 50 cm, root spread (serabut)
• Single Leaf, roset shape, bercelah tidak rata ditumbuhi bulu, flowering at tip of the stem, long stalk.
• berbentuk cakram

STI 06

2

• Petal of Flower have similarity with kumpulan pita tersusun rapi membulat
• Each of stalk,various, red, pink, yellow, krem dan orange

STI 06

3

There are 3 structure petal of Gerbera flower:

• Single : petal of flower – only 1 layer, usually single ( white, red and yellow )
• Double : petal of flower consist of 2 layer 🡪 various flower, more than 1 colour .
• Triple : petal of flower consist of 3 layer 🡪 the colour more than 2 colour.

STI 06

4

Growth Requirement

• Vegetatif – Generatif growth optimal in the altitude of 600 – 1400 m dpl
• Full intensity of light, temperature 21 – 27 ⁰ C, minimum 16⁰C
• Fertile soil, rich organic material, have good aeration and porous.
• pH 5.5 – 6, soil 🡪 must have good Water Holding Capacity
• Add gambut atau pukan yang telah terdekomposisi

STI 06

5

Cultivation of �Plant

• Seed and Propagation of Plant
• Field Cultivation
• Plantting
• Re-planting
• Watering
• Weeding dan penggemburan
• Defoliation
• Fertilizing
• Handling of Pest and Disease
• Harvest and Post Harvest

STI 06

6

Seed and Propagation of Plant �

• Seedling should be have same size 🡪 agar tumbuh serempak
• Free from pest and disease ,
• Provided with prosperous enough
• Seedling from tissue culture 🡪 Commercial for breeder 🡪 from Holland Florist de Kwakel BV, Presman Gerbera BV, Piet Schreurs de Kwakel BV
• Generatif propagation 🡪 for pot plant or vegetatif with splitting / divisions or cut rimpang divisions from mother plant that healthy and the age up to 1,5 years
• The young divisions 🡪 not produce generatif shoot yet.

STI 06

7

• Washing and clean up with leave it 2 -3 leaf
• Pulse and place for few minute in Benlate 0.5 g/l or Previcur 1 cc/l for 15 minute
• For stimulate the root 🡪 used Rootone F ( Plant Growth Regulator + fungicide )

STI 06

8

• Planting to the row, with mix media Soil : pukan = 2 : 1 with plant spacing 5 x 5 cm (for smaller varieties) and 7x7 cm ( for bigger varieties )
• Drench 1 – 2 / day 🡪 see the weather condition
• Ready to planting 🡪 age’s 3 – 4 weeks when have 12 new leaves and

root 3 – 5 cm

STI 06

9

Cultivation the field

• Cultivate 2 – 3 weeks before planting
• cangkul dengan deepth 40 cm until soil structure fertile enough
• Make row width 1 m heigth 25 cm, and the distance between row 50 cm
• Add pukan/organic material decomposizied 2 – 3 m³/100m² – mix until complete
• 1 weeks before planting 🡪+ Urea 40 g, TSP 60g and KCl 75g per m²
• Soil sterilization with basamid or steaming

STI 06

10

Planting �

• Palnting with 40 cm between outside of the row and 30 inside row
• Plant hole : 1 cangkulan
• Planting all of root 🡪 leher akar tertimbun tanah, jangan ada akar yang terlipat atau diluruskan ke bawah tetapi dihamparkan horisontal didasar lubang 🡪 early morning or afternoon 🡪 drench / watering it.

STI 06

11

• Replanting
• Replanting not more than 30 days in the morning or afternoon.
• Watering
• Normal condition : require 6 liter/hr/m²
• Before the initiation of flowering 🡪 can applied overhead sprinkler, after that 🡪 can use drip irigation

STI 06

12

Weeding dan penggemburan

​

• Weeding to reduce the competition between plant and weed.
• Penggemburan to increase the soil porosity 🡪 to make better aerase & drainase.
• Weeding and penggemburan biasanya 🡪 do it all together dengan pembubunan to make main stalk 🡪 in surface of soil.

STI 06

13

Defoliation�

​

• Put off dried leaf and dried flower, wilted or infected pest and disease
• Do it together with penjarangan rumpun. Crowded clump 🡪 invite the pest and disease 🡪 flower has decreasing quality 🡪 smaller stem and size of flower smaller too.

STI 06

14

Fertilizing �

• Organic gertilizer –pukan ayam before basic fertilizer 🡪 re-applied every each years : 1 – 2 kg/m2

​

• Plant that age : 1 – 2 month after planting 🡪 200g Urea, 100 g KNO3 dissolved with 100 l air with application 3 liter/m² – watering the row once a week.

​

• After the age 2 month more 🡪 10 – 5 g NPK 15:15:15 per plant and 7 gram MgSO₄ / m2 sowing surrounded the plant 🡪 application 1 years 🡪 once time

​

• Foliage fertilizer and Plant Growth Regulator (ZPT) 10 lliter foliage fertilizer/m2
• Green Vitabloom (30-10-10) and yellow 5-50-17 with consentration 3 g / liter every weeks, need rotation
• Atonik 1cc/10 l water 🡪 applied together with vitabloom, to stimulate root and leave growth .

STI 06

15

• Handling Pest and Disease
• Tungau, kumbang, ulat, kutu daun,, thrips, belalang, siput
• Penyakit Bercak daun Coreospora, kapang kelabu, tepung

STI 06

16

STI 06

17

�Harvest and Post Harvest �

​

• 1^st flower and 2^nd flower (3 – 5 month after planting ) 🡪 put off because < standar, more than 6 month 🡪 better quality
• ¾ rise and open up – ready to harvest and have 1 – 2 lingkar cincin benang sari
• Harvest with hand, the method : Panen dengan tangan dengan cara memutar dan pull off – pulse into the water and placed in the shade place.
• Per clump 🡪 produce 5 – 15 kuntum/ years or 35 – 105 kuntum per m²

STI 06

18

Harvest :

​

• Sortiage < 40 cm pull off
• > 40 cm good flower, free from pest and disease, fresh and each of flower wraped by paper berbentuk kerucut, ikat per 10 tangkai – wraped paper.
• For delivery outside city and export 🡪 packing in special kardus
• ditata mendatar dan rtangkai sejajar, tangkai diberi tabung plastik yang berisi air

STI 06

19

STI 06

20