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  • Provide temporary assistance in medically emergent situations until professional rescuers arrive and assume responsibility for the victim.

The Purpose of First Aid

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Legal Aspects

. The Good Samaritan Law

.Doesn’t protect against gross negligence or willful misconduct

.Do no further harm to the victim

. Once you render first aid to the victim you are obligated to continue

until professional rescuers arrive. To discontinue would be considered

abandonment.

. Conscious victim: get verbal permission to avoid assault charges

.Unconscious victim: consent is implied.

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RICE/Sprain & Strain

  • Rest the injured part
  • Ice pads or cold compress not longer than 20 mins
  • Comfortable position
  • Elevate the injured part

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If in doubt treat as a fracture

Sign & Symptoms: pain, swelling, bruising, tenderness, muscle spasm

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Treatment of wounds

  • Cleaning: Gently wash the wound with plain water or a mild soap
  • Bleeding control: Apply direct pressure to the wound to stop any bleeding
  • Dressing: Cover the wound with a clean bandage to protect it from infection
  • Infection Prevention: Keep the wound clean and dry to prevent infection
  • Pain Relief: over the counter pain relievers like acetaminophen

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First aid for Fainting

  • Call for help
  • Lying the person down flat and elevating the legs
  • Keep them warm and comfortable
  • Reassure them until medical professional arrives
  • Check medical history/ medical alert bracelet for diabetes and other diseases.

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Treating Arterial Bleed

Call for help, call 911, check to see that environment is safe for you and victim.

Direct pressure to stop bleeding: if wound is deep, bleeding heavily, spurting out blood. Most likely it is bleeding from an artery.

Elevate the wound above the heart, if possible.

Use a heavy gauge pad, wash cloth or T-shirt to apply direct pressure to wound.

Do not hold pressure on an artery for more than 5-10 mins.

If dressing is soaked, don’t remove dressing, add fresh one over it.

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Pressure point to stop bleeding

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Pressure Points for Bleeding

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The circles show places to apply direct pressure on an artery in order to stop the flow of blood from an injury.

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First Aid for Electric Shock

  • S/S: Weak erratic pulse or no pulse,cardiac arrest, burns entry and exit, unconscious and difficulty breathing.
  • First check for danger to self or others
  • Switch off power if possible. Remove victim from electric supply without directly touching victim.
  • Cool burnt areas with lots of cool water for up to 20 mins
  • Remove clothing
  • Cover burnt areas with light non sticking dressing.
  • Start CPR if victim is unconscious and unresponsive. Call 911

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Heat related conditions

  • Lie in shade environment.
  • Loosen and remove excessive clothing
  • Immerse in cool water or shower
  • Apply ice pack to groins, armpits, face, palms and sole
  • Hydrate if conscious. Moist skin with water spray
  • S/S: High Blood Pressure, dizziness,faintness,Nausea,vomiting, pale, dry skin, poor muscle control, weakness, reduce consciousness,
  • Inability to continue activity, confusion or seizures.

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First Aid for Snake Bite

  • Call 911. Ensure victim doesn’t move, lie down, rest, reassure
  • If bite is on limb, apply broad or firm elastic bandage tightly without obstructing blood flow.
  • Splint limb to immobilize limb
  • Write down time of bite and time bandage was applied
  • Do not wash venom off skin. Do not cut the bitten area and try to suck the venom out. Do not use a tourniquet
  • Do not try to catch the snake

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