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Unit 11:�Acids and Bases

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Acids

  • Any substance that generates a hydrogen ion (H+) when dissolved in water
  • The pH of an acid ranges from

0-6; 0 is the strongest.

  • An acid is strong or weak depending on how many H+ ions are produced.

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Properties of Acids

  • Tastes sour
  • Conducts electricity
  • Strong acids are strong electrolytes.
  • Weak acids are weak electrolytes.
  • React with metals to form hydrogen gas
  • Changes the colors of indicators (litmus paper indicator turns red)
  • Reacts with bases to form water and a salt
  • Corrosive

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Bases (Alkaline)

  • Any substance that generates a hydroxide ion (OH-) when dissolved in water
  • The pH of a base ranges from 8-14;

14 is the strongest.

  • A base is considered strong or weak depending on the amount of OH- ions that are produced.

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Properties of Bases

  • React with acids to form water and a salt
  • Tastes bitter
  • Feels slippery
  • Strong bases are strong electrolytes.
  • Weak bases are weak electrolytes.
  • Changes the colors of indicators (litmus paper indicator turns blue)
  • Conducts electricity
  • Caustic – able to burn tissue

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  • Acid has more H+ than OH-
  • Base has more OH- than H+
  • Neutral = amounts of both pH 7�

Amounts of H+ and OH-

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pH Scale

  • 1-2 Stomach Acid
  • 2.4 Lemon Juice
  • 5-7 Pee
  • 5.5 Rain

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  • 7.0 Pure Water
  • 7.35-.45 Blood
  • 11.5 Household Bleach

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Which is more dangerous?

  • Both equally dangerous at equal and opposite pH.

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Neutralization Reactions

A reaction where equal amounts of acids and bases come together to produce water and a salt

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Indicators

  • Acid - Base indicators (also known as pH indicators) are substances which change color with pH.
  • They are usually weak acids or bases, which when dissolved in water dissociate slightly and form ions.
    • Litmus Paper
    • Bromthymol Blue
      • Yellow 🡪 Blue @ pH 7
    • Phenolphthalein
      • Colorless 🡪 Magenta @ pH 8.3

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Double Bubble Map

_____

acids/bases

form ____

electrolytes

tastes

bitter

pH

range

is ____

Properties

of Bases

React to

form _____

and _____

_____

acids/bases

form _____

electrolytes

Properties

of Acids

tastes

sour

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Double Bubble Map (key)

weak

acids/bases

form weak

electrolytes

turns

litmus

red

reacts

with metals

to form H2

gas

turns

litmus

blue

tastes

bitter

pH

range

is 0-6

makes OH-

ions

Properties

of Bases

makes H+

ions

react to

form water

and salts

strong

acids/bases

form strong

electrolytes

tastes

sour

Properties

of Acids

pH

range

is 8-14

reacts with acid to form water and salt

change

colors

of pH

indicators

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Double Bubble Map

_____

acids/bases

form ____

electrolytes

tastes

bitter

pH

range

is ____

React to

form _____

and _____

Properties

of Acids

tastes

sour

Properties

of Bases

_____

acids/bases

form _____

electrolytes

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Double Bubble Map

_____

acids/bases

form ____

electrolytes

tastes

bitter

pH

range

is ____

React to

form _____

and _____

Properties

of Acids

tastes

sour

Properties

of Bases

_____

acids/bases

form _____

electrolytes