Tips for Lone Rangers & Rural School Counselors

Presented by:

Franciene Sabens, M.S. Ed., LPC, NCC

Leslie Goines, M.S. Ed.

The Rural Route LSSSCA Virtual Conference

February 4, 2023

Our Journeys

Leslie Goines, M.S. Ed.

@lesliegoines

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Southern Illinois University Carbondale (Masters + 45)

McKendree University, Principalship

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Experience: 15 years

Lone Ranger Experience: 6 Years

Rural High School Experience: 15 Years

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• 2016 Illinois High School Counselor of the Year
• Former State Association Board Member
• Former Illinois School Counselor Association President (ISCA)
• Illinois State Board of Education School Counselor Advisory Board member

Franciene Sabens, M.S. Ed., LPC, NCC

@FSabens

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Southern Illinois University Carbondale (Masters + 21)

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Experience: 14 years

Lone Ranger Experience: 11 years

Rural High School Experience: 11 Years

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• 2014 IL HS Counselor of the Year
• 2015 IL Delegate for ASCA School Counselor of the Year Ceremony
• Former state association board member
• Illinois Student Assistance Commission, appointed commissioner
• ACT Council Member

Download the full presentation & resources from SchoolCounselorSpace.Blogspot.com

Session Summary

This morning we will share time-efficient, field tested, strategies to help you plan, or fine tune, your school counseling program and improve student outcomes.

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Program SMART goals, strategies, outcome data, tools, and materials from two high schools will be shared. Technology integration and the impact of cultural, social, and environmental influences on student success and opportunities will also be discussed. We’ve got everything you need to feel confident implementing the ASCA National Model (4th edition) as a lone ranger or a rural school counselor.

Download the full presentation & resources from SchoolCounselorSpace.Blogspot.com

What does it mean to be a rural school counselor?

Defining Rural

Government and scholarly literature do not have a singular definition for what constitutes as rural setting or a rural community. The National Center for Education Statistics is the most widely accepted.

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• Definitions range from areas with populations less than 1,000 to areas containing 50,000 residents
• Rural, fringe refers to areas less than or equal to five miles from an urbanized area;
• rural, distant: more than five miles but less than or equal to 25 miles from an urbanized area;
• rural, remote: more than 25 miles from an urbanized area (Hoffman, 2009)

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• Approximately 70% of counties in the United States are rural
• Rural is often ¨stereotyped¨ as white and farming
• A substantial amount of rural communities are minority-majority such as rural African American communities in the South, Latino immigrant populations, and Native American populations.

Perspectives

Suburbia

• Everybody “lives there”
• Parents, “What are you doing for my kid?”
• Academics drive social capital
• Separation of church & state

Rural

• Everybody’s from there
• Parents, “What are you doing for our kids?”
• Athletics drive social capital
• Faith-based organizations are ever-present

Voices from the Field

Informal Survey-Rural School Counselors

• What challenges do you face serving students in a rural population
• What obstacles do you face as you work to deliver school counseling services
• What information would be most valuable to you as you plan/prepare for next school year

Over 75 Responses

• High School 29.2%
• Elementary 26.4%
• Middle School 9.7%

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Other Groups:

• Grades 7-12 18%
• Pre K-12 12%
• Pre K-8 2%
• Grades 4-8 1%
• Pre K-9 1%

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23 States Represented

Common Challenges for Rural School Counselors

School Counselor Challenges

• Isolation
• Community pressure
• Role confusion
• Administrator or faculty?
• Building community trust
• Limited Resources
• Students living in poverty
• Inappropriate duties
• Lack of academic opportunities
• Lack of relevant curriculum related to academic or career development

Systemic Challenges

• Geographic isolation
• Increasing poverty
• Changing Demographics
• Low high school graduation rates
• Low college attendance rates
• outward migration → Brain drain
• inequitable educational preparation & policies
• Quality Teacher attainment/retention
• Student Mobility

Meet a Lone Ranger

Challenges

Having students see beyond the opportunities just in their own town

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Families that gain access to your personal numbers and text or call at all hours

Obstacles

“Time! Prioritizing! As the Lone Ranger, I often have to decide what is most important bc I can only tackle one thing at a time. A looming deadline or a student crisis?

Also, sometimes we are seen as a administrator which can put barriers between me and the student’s trust in my counseling.”

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-- Monica Wilson, Texas

Solution = Comprehensive School Counseling Program

Addressing Lone Ranger/Rural School Counselor Challenges

Challenges:

Having students see beyond the opportunities just in their own town

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Families that gain access to your personal numbers and text or call at all hours

Obstacles

“Time! Prioritizing! As the Lone Ranger, I often have to decide what is most important bc I can only tackle one thing at a time. A looming deadline or a student crisis?

Also, sometimes we are seen as a administrator which can put barriers between me and the student’s trust in my counseling.”

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-- Monica Wilson, Texas

Annual Student Outcome Goals

Time Management Boundaries

Annual Administrative Conference & Role Advocacy

Tier 1 School Counseling Curriculum Lesson (College-Going Self-Efficacy [M2, M4]) & Tier 2 small groups

What does it mean to deliver a comprehensive school counseling program?

The ASCA National Model guides school counselors in the development of school counseling programs that:

• are based on data-informed decision making
• are delivered to all students systematically
• include a developmentally appropriate curriculum focused on the mindsets and behaviors all students need for postsecondary readiness and success
• close achievement and opportunity gaps
• result in improved student achievement, attendance and/or discipline

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“The road may be rural, winding and filled with obstacles, but that does not mean we can turn our backs on our ethical obligation to provide a comprehensive, data driven school counseling program for our students.”

-Franciene Sabens

Social Justice Advocacy

A social justice perspective “acknowledges the role that dominate cultural values have in shaping the educational success and failure of youngsters, as evidenced by the achievement gap.”

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-- Holcom-McCoy (2007)

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Research with rural populations identifies social justice advocacy as a key strategy to address inequities in rural education

(Cuervo, 2012)

• Education = suspicious
• Outward Migration/brain drain
• Ruralism - extreme negative stereotyping of rural residents as backward, lazy, and uneducated

Rural culture = rural consciousness

A perspective that society unfairly allocates more resources & support to cities, focusing on the needs of minority populations while ignoring rural community needs

Rural School Counselor Implications for

Social Justice Advocacy

School counselors “must accept responsibility as social justice advocates, focus strategic and intentional interventions to remove barriers to learning and raise the level of expectations for students for whom little is expected.”

Dahir & Stone (2009)

ASCA National Model

Simplified

1. Create your Mission & Vision, align to school’s Mission & Vision
2. Create your School’s Data Story
3. Hold Administrative Conference
4. Set SMART Goals/Annual Student Outcome Goals (achievement/attendance/discipline)
5. Action Plan
6. Create a School Counseling Annual Calendar
7. Introduce yourself to the school community & share your goals
8. Create an Advisory Council
9. Deliver services based on goals, don’t get lost in the weeds
10. Share progress monthly/Assess program

Tips & Strategies for

Rural School Counselors

Don’t be a bulldozer on an island…

Take the Pulse, Learn the Community

Role Advocacy

• Acclimation with the local community
• Town Crier, Asset Mapping
• Coffee with the counselor
• Find your people
• Create your Mission & Vision, align it to the school’s Mission & Vision
• Create flyers/trifolds
• Create your School’s Data Story, share findings
• Hold Administrative Conference
• Set SMART Goals/Annual Student Outcome Goals
• Advisory Council

• Welcome Back Campaign
• Winter Break Campaign
• NSCW Campaign
• End of Year Campaign
• Limit those non-counseling duties with advocacy (lunch duty, administrative tasks, disciplinary actions, etc)
• Develop community partners by sharing information and news
• Reduce role confusion
• Build Community trust
• Expand Resources

Advocacy Examples

Introduce yourself to the school community

FRONT BACK

Make a copy of this sample via this link

Include your department Mission Statement at the bottom.

Create a School Counselor intro video for free with Animoto

Use Canva to create postcards. Send one to every student as the year progresses.

Adopt a color for School Counseling communications so families know it’s happy mail.

Advocacy

Examples

Cup of Cheer

At the beginning of the year personally welcome every staff member back with a copy of your department Mission, Vision, SMART goals, info on the role of the school counselor and a treat.

Advocacy

Examples

Advocacy

Examples

Advocacy

Examples

Advocacy

Examples

Advocacy

Examples

Tanya Kirschman

Highland Elementary

Billings, Montana

Teach a lesson, build a bulletin board

Lesson details here.

Freshman Academy Results Report

Assess your program & share your data with your school board at least once a year, make it a habit to present at the board meeting every June.

Present to your School Board

Communication Tips

• Clear, consistent (weekly/monthly)
• Know your audience
• Use your resources
• Send info to churches, coaches
• Ask to speak at a Rotary Meeting to build connections

• No funds = No problem
• Combine mailings by sending out brochures, newsletters and flyers with report cards
• hand out brochures at events like parent/teacher conferences & orientations.
• Use technology: Post newsletters online using SMORE, Google Sites, Canva, etc. Learn more about how to use SMORE here.
• Use resources such as local military/community colleges to help fill in funding gaps (get free folders for parent-teacher conferences, pencils for testing)

Your SIS allows you the ability to schedule messages to families!

Email, voice and/or text.

Time Management Tips

• Don’t schedule school counseling curriculum instruction on Monday or Friday
• Don’t schedule lessons on days the Principal will be out
• Don’t schedule lessons the same month as testing
• Flip your lessons
• Minute Meetings

• Managed Monday -- Data day, Admin. Check in
• Tuesday - Individual counseling, small groups, classroom lessons
• Wellness Wednesday - Social/Emotional focus
• Thursday -- Individual counseling, small groups, classroom lessons
• Follow-up Friday -- Weekly Wrap up, follow up with students, plan for next week, clean off your desk

Connecting with Families

• Make that first contact home positive
• Do not sit in your office during P/T Conferences unless you are with a parent for a meeting
• HS: Create a College/Career Night on P/T Conference Night
• Partner with other schools to provide events for students & families
• Advisory Council

Creating a Legacy

Challenge: Having students see beyond the opportunities just in their own town.

Strategies

• Annual Administrative Conference
• Annual Student Outcome Goals
• College-going self-efficacy (Freshman)
• Career exploration lessons/groups
• 4-year plans
• Career Cafe, College/Career Day
• College Signing Day
• Summer Opportunities
• Questbridge
• WASHU Rural Scholars Academy
• College Board Rural & Small Town Recognition

“As the lone ranger I often have to decide what is most important because I can only tackle one thing at a time. A looming deadline or a student crisis? Also, sometimes we are seen as an administrator which can put barriers between me and the student’s trust in my counseling”

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-- Monica Wilson, Texas

Strategies for Creating

Rigorous Academic Opportunities

• Implement 4-year plans, eventually mandate them
• Remove barriers (look at prerequisites)
• Encourage more students to take Algebra II, a necessary course for college admissions
• AP Student worldview expansion
• Increase number of students taking exams, not just enrolling in the course
• remind students they may earn college credit for taking exams
• Create an AP policy to pay students who score 3 or higher
• AP Scholarship Program
• Use ESSER Funding to pay for online AP courses
• Partnerships with local colleges-Dual Credit, etc
• College Signing Day
• Seek opportunities to get your students on college campuses

Expand your PLN

• State Association
• ASCA (Scene, Special Interest Networks)
• Twitter (#SCCHAT)
• School Counseling Facebook Groups
• Local School Counseling networks & groups
• Expand your group beyond “School Counselors”
• High School-State/Local Admission College/Career Counselors
• Middle School- therapists (learn new strategies to address anxiety)
• Elementary- therapists that specialize (play therapy)

SMART Goals

Annual Student Outcome Goals

Annual Student Outcome Goals

• Template: By (end date), (target group) will (increase/decrease something related to achievement, attendance or behavior) by (% measure of change) from (Baseline data) to (Target data).

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• Elementary: By June 10, 2021, students who had 10-16 absences during the previous school year (2019-2020) will decrease the cumulative number of absences by 15% from 180 total absences (2019-2020) to 153 absences (2020-2021).
• Middle: By June 2020, Office referrals for 7th graders students will decrease by 20% from 144 to 115.
• High School: By January 4, 2021, freshman who failed one or more required core courses during the 1st quarter will decrease by 91% from 11 to 1.

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School Counseling Lessons that Deliver

You like it? You want it? You got it!

School Counseling Curriculum

Presentations

Ideas

It’s all here for you…

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Examples

• Academic Lessons -- study skills, goal setting, long-term planning, self-motivation, and balancing school, home & activities (support & maximize each student’s ability to learn)

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• Career Lessons -- building self-awareness of skills and interests, exploring careers & understanding connections between lifestyle & career choices (help students understand the connection between school & the world of work and plan for the future)

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• Social/emotional lessons -- self-discipline, peer relationships, personal safety, coping skills & essential skills (help students manage emotions & apply interpersonal skills)

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Resources to plan your Curriculum

Assuming you already have the ASCA National Model & ASCA National Model Implementation Guide

Paid Links

High School Curriculum

Freshman Year

Foundation

• Social/Emotional
• Build rapport and relationships both with students and staff; be available & present; engage in student interests & activities; and be you. 
• College-Going Self-Efficacy [M2, M4] (page 194 of this resource)
• Recommend involvement in at least 1 club/activity [M 3, B-LS 10]
• Academic
• Learning Style Assessment [M4, B-LS 3, B-LS 4]
• 4-6 year plan creation  (share info about AP courses)[M5, B-LS 1, B-LS 8]
• Teach students about time management, study skills, how to calculate GPA for goal setting, about the relationship between HS coursework, attendance, and grades to HS plan & show them a transcript [M5, M6, B-LS 7, B-SMS 5]
• Teach students how to access student information system and check and send email [B-LS 5]
• GPA Calculation [M2, B-LS 8, B-LS 10]
• College/Career
• Career Cluster Assessment (learn about Career Clusters) [M4, B-LS 9] (Check out my lesson info here)
• College Going Self-Efficacy (pg 194)[M2, M4]
• Strengths Finder (Naviance) [M2, B-LS4, B-LS9]
• Orientation to Career Clusters Kahoot [M6, B-LS 1]
• Teach students about the cost ranges of various Post-secondary options [M4, B-LS 9]

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Have students create a SMART goal for each domain. Check out this Freshman Focus Lesson.

High School Curriculum

Sophomore Year

Set your Sights on Success

• Social/Emotional
• Build & model rapport and relationships both with students and staff; be available & present; engage in student interests & activities; and be you. [M1, B-SS 2&3]
• Encourage continued involvement in and out of school. [M3, B-LS 10]
• Short Grit Scale [M1, M2, B-LS 7] Lesson Plan Example here; Google Slides here
• Academic
• Discuss & revisit the fundamentals (attendance--> grades--> GPA--> transcript). [M4, B-LS 7]
• Always bring conversation back to grades, growth, & success. [M6, B-SMS 5]
• GPA Calculation [M2, B-LS 8, B-LS 10]
• College/Career
• Career Interest Inventory [M4, B-LS 9]
• O*Net Interest Profiler [M4, B-LS 9]
• YouScience Career Assessment [M4, B-LS 9]
• ASVAB Assessment (Career Exploration) [M4, B-LS 9] (look at this resource!)
• The future is real - ask students to write down future plans & reflect. [B-LS 1]
• Make it fun - Self-Awareness Activities for Students [B-LS 2 & 4]
• Exposure is essential - work with your local college to schedule an on-campus visit. [M4]
• Knowledge of Dual Credit Opportunities/AP Potential [M4, B-LS 8, B-SMS 10]

High School Curriculum

Junior Year

• Social/Emotional
• Get ready! More student responsibility & time management concerns arise, more freedom & responsibility to navigate. [M1, B-LS 3 & 4, B-SNS 10]
• Encourage leadership in activities and extra-curriculars [B-LS 10, B-SMS 8, B-SS 7]
• Emotional Intelligence (EQ) [B-SS 6, B-SS 9] (info to share w/ student results) (Google Slides Lesson)
• Academic
• Stay school focused; 6th semester data is ever-important. [M5, M6]
• Engage in Dual Credit/Enrollment opportunities with the local community college. [M4, B-LS 8, B-SMS 10]
• Set & review goals (GPA & SAT / personal & class goals). [M2, B-LS 4 & 7, B-SMS 5]
• Be clear with students at-risk & celebrate student success. [B-SMS 1 & 6]
• College/Career
• Shift the conversation - from the past, to here & now, then 🡪 future. [M5, B-SS 5, B-SMS 2 & 4]
• Communicate opportunities & connect students - based on eligibility, interests, aptitudes, etc. (ASVAB?)
• Resume Creation [M3, B-LS10, B-SS2, B-SS3, B-SS7]
• Time is precious – independent work time and a structured Activity Guide will go a long way. [M4, B-LS 4]
• Complete the SuperMatch College Search (save your search)--ask students to add at least three college to their“"Colleges I am thinking about list" [M4, B-LS-1, B-LS7, B-LS9] Resources: (My Next Move | Big Future)
• Make information accessible - Post-Secondary: Helpful Links & Resources  [B-LS 5]
• Deadlines, test timing, cost & prep for industry-based certification for career pathway [B-LS 9]

*Note to counselor: stay connected & keep trying new ideas because you never know what will be that student's "aha moment" to turn it around, or get serious about the next step.

High School Curriculum

Senior Year

• Social/Emotional
• Seniors should be prepared to begin the year "Action Oriented" [B-SS 8]
• True Color [B-SS 2] Lesson example
• True Colors Word Sort
• Check email regularly [B-LS 5, B-SMS 1]
• Academic
• Transcript review [M5]
• Update Game/SMART Goals—Plan to achieve your goals after graduation [M5, M6, B-LS7, B-SMS5]
• College/Career
• Update Senior Year Prep Checklist Checklist (two options)[M 5, M 6, B-LS 7, B-SMS5]
• Review college list to prep for application season/Apply to college [M 4]
• Register for College visits/career talks, etc. [M4, B-LS-1, B-LS7, B-LS9]
• Attend FAFSA Completion Event & complete the FAFSA  [M4, B-LS1, B-SMS1]
• Attend Scholarship Workshop [M4, B-LS1, B-SMS1]

Academic Presentation Flipped

Career Collaborations & Supplemental Activities

Workplace Dilemmas & Scenarios

• English Department does unit on career/resume building, interviewing, etc.
• Collaborate with the english teachers and embed career/workplace dilemmas & scenarios one may encounter in workplace.
• Conversation Cards
• Small Group activity
• Transition to large group/classroom discussion--students can share scenarios and process as a group

Social/Emotional Supplemental Activities

TOILET TALK

Monthly themes of reading material hung in bathrooms throughout school (in stalls)

Program Results we have Achieved

Credits: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik.

Franciene Sabens @FSabens

• Implementation of Electronic Portfolios & 4-year plans (2011-2012)
• Collaborated with administration to mandate 4-year plans (2012-2013)
• Developed and coordinated a standards based Freshman Academy program with 98% participation
• Increased freshman college-going self-efficacy rate by 9.7% from August to December
• FAFSA filing percentage regularly over State Average -- from 58% to over 80% in 4 years. Last year my students were nearly 100%
• Over 80% of seniors take a math course to prepare for post-secondary endeavors
• Improved Algebra II enrollment by 10% in 3 years
• Reduced freshman core course failures by 8% (economically disadvantaged by 2%)
• Decreased the number of students who failed a required course by term each year.
• 100% of seniors apply to college prior to 11/1
• Implemented ASVAB testing, FYI and My Educational Plan creation for all sophomores

Leslie Goines @lesliegoines

• Implementation of Electronic Portfolios & 4-year plans
• Increased FAFSA filing percentage after one year at MCHS. (54%-93%), starting with class of 2014. Every year since, MCHS FAFSA filing percentage has been above 95%. This year my students were nearly 100%
• Over 90% of seniors take a math course to prepare for post-secondary endeavors.
• Reduced freshman core course failures by 10%
• Decreased the number of students who failed a required course by term each year. (except this year-2020)
• 97%-98% of students have committed post-secondary plans by May (graduation) since implementing College Signing Day in 2016
• 100% of students apply to at least one “college” before October 1st each year
• Added one ASVAB testing session to calendar each year (testing 75-100 students each year)
• Implemented a College Turbo Week, introducing over 20 different colleges/vocational schools, career speakers to students *now embedded into curriculum (started in 2015)

Funding Resources

Resources for Funding

• Education Foundation Grants
• DonorsChoose.org
• Local Donations
• Walmart Grants
• Target Grants
• Rural Electrical Coop Grants
• National Guard Supplies Donations
• Folders
• Pencils
• Swag

Mental Health Resources for Rural Communities

Mental Health & the Rural School Counselor

• School Counselors serve the role of providing educational and mental health support to ALL students.
• Schools are one of the first places that mental health challenges arise for students and school counselors are trained to respond to these challenges (ASCA, 2012).

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Mental Health Challenges

Accessibility

Acceptability

Availability

have to travel long distances to receive services, lack of public transportation, less likely to be insured for mental health services & less likely to recognize an illness

The stigma of needing or receiving mental healthcare

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Chronic shortages of mental health professionals exist

Mental Health Resources/Interventions

• The Mental Health in Rural Communities Toolkit features evidence-based models, resources, and program examples for the successful development and implementation of mental health programs to serve rural communities.
• Rural Health Information Hub
• https://www.crisistextline.org/
• Basic Interventions
• Identify the need
• Mental Health First Aid Training for as many faculty/staff as possible
• Minimize stigma
• Bring the services to the student; community agency collaboration
• Telemedicine
• Franciene’s Virtual Calming Room/Mental Health Resources page
• Erika Gilbert Resources & Lesson Plans from ASCA 2020

Create your

Action Plan!!

1. What is your vision, your mission? Align w/school vision/mission.
2. Where do you want to go? Start with where you are.
1. Data is the foundation -- Create your school’s Data Story
1. needs assessment
2. Survey
3. Data: Achievement, Attendance, Behavior
4. Where do the gaps exist? Disaggregate.
3. Focus on a belief system and identify what needs to change for the better.
4. What do you need people to know or understand about your counseling program?
5. Create a shell of a SMART goal that focuses on improved student achievement, attendance or discipline.

Thank you for joining us!

Please stay connected & share your greatest takeaway from today’s presentation via Twitter!

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Franciene Sabens

FrancieneSabens@gmail.com

@FSabens

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Leslie Goines

leslie.goines@gmail.com

@lesliegoines

Resources

• 2020-2021 Beecher School Counseling Plan (Elementary)
• ASCA Career Conversation Starters
• ASCA U Career Development Specialist
• ASCA Mindsets And Behaviors For Student Success
• ASCA National Model Templates & Resources
• Big Future
• Career One Stop
• Character Lab
• College-Going Beliefs Of Prospective First Generation College Students: Perceived Barriers, Social Supports, Self-Efficacy, And Outcome Expectations. (2005)
• Education Planner (Free Resource)
• Franciene’s Blog
• IL PaCE Framework Resources
• Incoming Freshman Activity From @Fsabens
• My Next Move
• National Career Development Guidelines (Ncdg) Framework
• Percent Difference Calculator Also Try Percentdiff App On Your Phone
• The College-Going Self Efficacy Scale For High School Students: The Development And Validation Of A Measure (2013)
• Self Efficacy Toolkit

References

1. American School Counselor Association. (2019). The ASCA national model. A framework for school counseling programs, Fourth Edition. Alexandria, VA: Author.
2. Breen, D. J., & Drew, D. L. (2012). Voices of rural counselors: Implications for counselor education and supervision. In Ideas and research you can use: Vistas 2012. Retrieved from http://www.counseling.org/knowledge-center/vistas/vistas-2012/page/2
3. Cuervo, H. (2012). Enlarging the social justice agenda in education: An analysis of rural teachers’ narratives beyond the distributive dimension. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 40, 83-95. doi:10.1080/1359866X.2012.669829
4. Grimes, L. E., Haskins, N., & Paisley, P.O. (2013). “So I went out there”: A Phenomenological study on the experiences of rural school counselor social justice advocates. Professional School Counseling, 17, 40-51. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2156759x0001700107
5. Hoffman, L. (2010). Numbers and types of public elementary and secondary schools from the common core of data: School year 2007–08 (NCES 2010-305). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved from https://nces. ed.gov/pubs2010/2010305.pdf
6. Holcomb-McCoy, C. (2007). School counseling to close the achievement gap: A social justice framework for success. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
7. Strattman, J. (2023). Bringing all students inside the circle: DEI and Career Development in K-12 Schools. Career Convergence Web Magazine. Retrieved from: https://associationdatabase.com/aws/NCDA/pt/sd/news_article/488816/_PARENT/CC_layout_details/true?tcs-token=c5d672670ffda7c9af250c94151f65ab7cc8f66578ef1b7f03a4fc33f7a58f82