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Morning Exercise - IR

  • List the top 7 inventions. It could be for mankind or it could be for you personally.

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Internet

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Cell Phone

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Airplane

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Television

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Toilet

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Penicillin

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Automobile

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The Printing Press

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The Light Bulb

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Hippo Rollers

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Lecture – Agriculture: Setting up the Industrial Revolution

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Setting up Agriculture Change

  • Prior to the 1700’s, the traditional peasant society brought stability to the local food supply.

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  • What is the fear in that?

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  • The local food supply was never certain, failure of harvest didn’t just bring hardship to some, it killed many.

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Setting up Agricultural Change

  • Poor harvest did not just cause starvation and famine but it also reeked havoc on prices.

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Setting up Agricultural Change

  • How would this price change effect the various groups involved?

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  • The landowners make an incredible amount of money while the peasants struggle to afford the high prices of basic commodities.

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  • With the new wealth, the rich, especially in England reinvest the money in inventions and land.

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Setting up the Agricultural Change

  • Landlords commercialize agriculture.

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  • What does commercialize mean?

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  • The landowners buy up large plots of land and the peasants revolt. With Kings and governments desperate for money, they back the nobles and use armies to put down the riots.

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Agricultural Revolution

  • This creation of large farms, commercial farming and new inventions and techniques were apart of the Agricultural Revolution.

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  • This revolution is going to lead to the Industrial Revolution.

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  • Lets take a look at some of the inventions.

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Jethro Tull

Seed Drill/Financier

  • Conduct and financed many experiments during this time period in England.

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  • Came up with the idea to plant wheat using a seed drill.

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Charles Townshend

Crop Rotation

  • Helped create this idea of crop rotation.

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  • This helped restore nutrients and create animal fodder.

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  • Draw on board

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Robert Bakewell

Selective Animal Breeding

  • Changed animal breeding using selective breeding.

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  • First to create a cow that was primarily used for beef.

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Arthur Young

Agricultural Writer

  • Arthur Young was probably the most famous writer on agriculture.

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  • He published 25 books including Annals of Agriculture.

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Agricultural Revolution

  • In early 1700’s, half of English farm land was open field. To help gain control and expand their farms, rich landowners started to enclose the land.

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  • Parliament helped pass the enclosure acts.

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Agricultural Revolution

  • From 1725 – 1760 – 75,000 Acres were enclosed.

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  • From 1760 – 1792 – 500,000 acres were enclosed.

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Agricultural Revolution

  • Enclosures were made by fencing or the use of hedges to cultivate (create) larger fields to farm.

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2 benefits of enclosures

  • In these enclosures, landowners experimented with different seeding and harvesting.

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  • Small farmers started to become tenant farmers, farmers who worked for landlord doing a lot of the work.

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Result of the Agricultural Revolution

  • What were the results of the agricultural revolution?

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  • Food supplies increased

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  • Healthier people

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  • England’s population increased

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  • An increase in population needs an increase in demand.

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  • They will get this from the industrial revolution.

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Population Explosion

Europe

  • By 1700
  • Population:100-120 million

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  • By 1800
  • Population: 190 million

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  • By 1850
  • Population: 260 million

England

  • By 1750
  • Population: 6 million

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  • By 1800
  • Population – 10 million

France

  • By 1715
  • Population: 18 million

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  • By 1789
  • Population – 29 million

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  • The majority of people in Europe and North America were farmers.

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  • Women would make clothing. They used a spinning wheel to spin the material into thread.

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  • Then use a hand loom to weave the thread into cloth.

The Beginning of Clothing

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Times are a changing…

  • As agriculture, roads and cities improved, the population increased.

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  • More People = More goods

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  • Traditional manufacturing did not produce enough anymore.

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  • At the dawn of the eighteenth century, farming was the primary livelihood in England, with at least 75% of the population making its living off the land.

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Industrial Revolution

  • People began to create things to be more efficient.

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  • Industrial Revolution: A period of rapid economic growth, a change from hand and home production to machine and factory during 1800 – 1900’s

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Industrial Revolution

  • In the 1700’s, making goods depended on hard work of humans and animals

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Industrial Revolution

  • It had been that way for hundreds of years.

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Industrial Revolution

  • The new technology brought a change that was so radical, they called it a revolution

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Industrial Revolution

  • In began in GB and spread to the US

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