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Limiting Fossil Fuels in Jericho

New Construction

Peter Ehrlich

peter.i.ehrlich@gmail.com

Jan 9, 2024

Affordability of

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About Me

- Software Engineer & Jericho Energy Task Force member

- Went deep in to climate, got depressed, found action to be the antidote

- Have written a few opinion pieces for VTDigger, including documenting how I fully-electrified my own home for $3,000.

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Climate Change

Climate change, caused by human-made CO2 emissions, is a crisis

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Overview

- Vermont passed the Global Warming Solutions act in 2020. Emissions would need to be 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 - six years from now.

- Latest data (ANR, 2020) indicates just a 7% drop.

- Houses built in 2024 will have heating systems built to last one or more decades. The choices we make now will have far-reaching effects on the sustainability of our community.

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2024 Town Plan - Building a Connected Community

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Learning From Others

- Over 100 municipalities have responded by limiting or completely prohibiting fossil fuel usage in new construction homes.

- These include Burlington VT, Beacon NY, Montreal, Quebec, NY, CA, CO, and WA.

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South Burlington

- Ordinance Passed at the end of 2022. Their energy Task Force requested limits on� heating air, and the selectboard requested water to be included as well

- Ordinance requires air/water heating which can run on renewable energy. � Does not prohibit fossil fuels in the home. Backup heating methods are encouraged.

- Exceptions in place if cost is higher over 25-year period. No� exemption has been requested since passage.

- Several new developments, including affordable housing and � fully-electric apartments are under construction

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What is Clean Heat - Air

- Heat Pumps take thermal energy from outside the home, and move it inside.

- A modern heat pump averages 300% efficiency year-round. For every unit of energy required to run, one puts out three units of energy into a home.

- A single mini-split heat-pump can be professionally installed for $6-$7k, with a 30% tax-credit bringing the price down to $4-$5k.

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What is Clean Heat - Water

- Water Heaters can run with Heat Pumps too. (Even dryers can!)

- Efficiency is as high as 400%

- In the winter, that heat must be replaced. In the summer, mild air-conditioning/dehumidification at no extra cost

- Payback time in as little as three years

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Heat Pumps - Future 🕵️

- The US is lagging Europe by several years in heat pump technology, allowing us to look ahead. Some installers here today offer comparable units.

- Modern refrigerants (R32, CO2, Propane), bring that 300% efficiency up to 400%-500%, for 50% cost-savings. (Commercializing in 2024)

- Monobloc heat-pumps heat water with energy from outdoors. They are becoming available and are a great option for DIY/self-install. No HVAC work required, only plumbing.

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Installation Affordability

- For 10+ years, it has been cheaper to build an all-electric home than a mixed-fuel one in the Southern US

- In the past ~5 years, cold-climate heat pumps have gotten so good that this is also true in our Climate Zone (Zone 6)

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Installation Affordability

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Affordability for VT Multi-Family Dwellings

- As buildings get bigger, so too do the cost savings.

- Elm Place in Milton (30 units) � electrified for an additional cost � of 2%, but paid that back in two � years of operating costs savings � compared to their sister facility.

- South Burlington Affordable & � Fully-Electric Housing being built� (pictured)

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Operating Affordability

Heat Pumps can result in thousands of dollars in annual savings

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Jericho Lifestyles

🌆 Alice

- Lives downtown in an apartment

- Fully electrified home w/o backup

- Relies on reliable city-center electric grid.

🏞️ Bob

- Lives in a woodsy Single Family Home

- Primarily Electrified. Has a woodstove and a whole-house Generac for backup

- Savings from the heat pump vs oil cover the cost of backup heat

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Health & Indoor Air Quality

- Nitrous Oxide (NO2) emissions - even with a range hood

- Children have 42% more likelihood of asthma symptoms w/ gas stoves at home

- This is worse in modern buildings, which are tightly sealed, and in smaller units

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Working with the Town:

How do we get there from here?

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Possible Next Steps

- JETF to present to the Planning Commision (date TBD)

- Planning Commission would hold hearings and eventually present to Select Board to Approval

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Questions?

Appendix A – Resources & Links

Appendix B – The growth of Carbon Pricing

^ This Presentation

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Appendix A - Resources

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Appendix B - Carbon Pricing

- Carbon Pricing is rapidly spreading around the world, increasing the price fossil fuels

- CBAM (Carbon Tariffs) bills from Republicans & Democrats are currently proposed