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Barcelona chair by Mies Van Der Rohe Poster

Color

CS 73, lecture 3, 2022

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Color topics

  1. Color theory

  • Applications in art

  • Working with procedural color

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Color Blindness Simulator�https://www.color-blindness.com

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Color Wheel

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Complementary colors

Colors that fall on the opposite sides of the wheel

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Analogous colors

Three colors that fall next to each other on the color wheel

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Warm and cool colors

warm

cool

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Color space

HSV color space:

Hue� Saturation

Value

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Color variation

Hue refers to the color name (red, green, etc) and is measured in degrees from 0 to 360.

Saturation (or chroma) describes the amount of gray in a particular color, from 0 to 100 percent.��Value refers to the relative lightness or darkness of a color.

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Color topics

  • Color theory

  • Applications in art

  • Working with procedural color

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Colors interact: 1+1 = 3

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Josef Albers: interaction of color

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Josef Albers: interaction of color

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Josef Albers: interaction of color

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Color palettes in art

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Warm and cool palettes

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Red Canna�1925-1928�Georgia O'Keeffe

Blue Morning

Glory�1935�Georgia O’Keeffe

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Analogous colors

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The Falling Mist Waterfall at Mount Kurokami in Shimotsuke Province

Katsushika Hokusai

c. 1832

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Irises

1890

Vincent van Gogh

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Compartment C Car

Edward Hopper

1938

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Complementary palettes

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Black Mesa Landscape, New Mexico

Georgia O’Keeffe

1930

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Anything

Georgia O’Keeffe

1916

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Noon - Rest from Work (after Millet)

Vincent Van Gogh

1890

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Dance, Matisse Music, Matisse

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Monochromatic palettes

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The Tragedy

Pablo Picasso

1903

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Armin Hofmann

posters

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Graffiti

Djerba, Tunisia, 2014

NeSpoon

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Graffiti

Croatia, 2019

NeSpoon

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Joel by Chuck Close, 1993

Alex

1991

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Joel by Chuck Close, 1993

Alex

1991

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Atmospheric perspective

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Landscape in the Style of Yan WenguiDai Jin, Early Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

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The Virgin of the Rocks

1508

Leonardo da Vinci

The further away an object gets, the less contrast between its value and the value of the background. This means that more distant objects will be closer in value to the background.

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Richard Shucksmith

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Color and emotion in art

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Self-portrait Van Gogh 1889

Van Gogh didn’t use “real” colors. Instead, he used colors to affect the viewer’s emotions.

His choice of colors depended on his mood.

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Self-Portrait with a Straw Hat, 1887

Self-Portrait, 1889

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The Night Café �(Le Café de nuit)

Vincent Van Gogh

1888

“I have tried to express the terrible passions of humanity by means of red and green. [...] Everywhere there is a clash and contrast of the most alien reds and greens”

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Color palette sketch

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Color field painting

What if color is all you want to use?

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No. 46 (Black, Ochre and Red over Red)

Mark Rothko

1957

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A glimpse of the infinite

Helen Frankenthaler

1976

‘Like a Rothko dancing wildly to jazz’

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Off White Square, Helen Frankenthaler, 1973

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Red, Cut By Black

Robert Motherwell

1966-67

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Accent color

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Barbara Kruger

Photographic silkscreen on vinyl, 1989

Photographic silkscreen on vinyl, 1987

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Schindler's List

Movie, 1993

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Amy Sherald

Saint Woman

2015

When I let go of what I am, I become what I might be

2018

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Working with procedural color

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Tip: don’t use random colors

Procedural Color: Creating Color Variation, Sighack

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RGB: mix in a base color with each randomly-

generated color

Procedural Color: Creating Color Variation, Sighack

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HSB: �. vary saturation and brightness: different shades of the same hue

. vary hue: get analogous colors

hue values: 10–100

saturation: 50–150

brightness: 150–255

hue values: 0–30

saturation: 50–150

brightness: 150–255

hue values: 110–130

saturation: 50–150

brightness: 120–250

P5.js sketch by Richard Bourne

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Phase shifting (from Inigo Quilez’s article)

Use trig functions to generate color schemes that are coherent and aesthetically pleasing

Tweak parameters to create complementary colors or monochromatic colors

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Phase shifting���

Examples of color scales

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Color Sampling

Tyler Hobbs

Color arrangement in generative art (blog post)

You can use an external image (e.g. photograph or digital painting) to select the color palette for your composition.

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Inheritance

Tyler Hobbs

poster art for Max Cooper’s albumOne Hundred Billion Sparks

If your composition uses recursion or any kind of parent/child relationship, consider using a form of “inheritance” when assigning colors.

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Isabelle & Chris: color spaces

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Red, green, and blue! – The RGB Color Model

  • Additive vs. subtractive color models
    • Think: photography vs. printing!
    • CMYK is additive
  • Color composed of three superimposed light beams
    • The lowest intensity of beam is no light (black) and the full intensity is white
    • What happens (in the overlap) when each beam has equal intensity?
  • RGB model initially developed for photography, then other electronic applications

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RGB values

  • RGB triplet (red, green, blue), values can range from:
    • Typically 0 to 255 (range of unsigned 8-bit byte)
    • 0 to 1 (fractional)
    • 0% to 100%
  • RGBA - alpha represents transparency
    • 0 to 1
    • 0% to 100%

RGB(237, 69, 91)

RGB(187, 228, 242)

RGB(87, 87, 87)

RGB(235, 205, 14)

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Hex codes

  • Just the hexadecimal version of RGB!
  • Hexadecimal is base-16 numeral system (instead of base-10)
    • Uses “0” to “9”, as well as “A” to “F”
    • Convert by dividing the decimal number by 16, the quotient is the first hex value and the remainder is the second
    • 0A = 10, 0F = 15
    • 10 = 16, AA = 170
    • 00 to FF (0 to 255)
  • Shorthand notation: 3-digit form just doubles each digit
    • E.g. #1ab = #11aabb
  • How many colors can this system represent?

RGB(237, 69, 91)

= #ed455b

RGB(187, 228, 242)

= #bbe4f2

RGB(87, 87, 87)

= ???

RGB(235, 205, 14)

= ???

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Hex code are perfect for color palette arrays

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HSB (Hue, Saturation, Brightness)

  • Hue = “Color of the Rainbow”
    • 0 of 360 degrees
    • Red is 0º, Green is 120º, Blue is 240º
  • Saturation = “richness”
    • 0 to 100%
    • 0% is light or dark gray, 100% is very rich
  • Brightness
    • 0 to 100%
    • 0% is always black, 100% is white only if saturation is 0%

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HSB Live Coding!!

Live code w/ multiples example

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Blending in p5.js

  • Very helpful reference for all the blend modes in p5.js →

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https://colorbrewer2.org

Color palette resources

color.adobe.com

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Homework due next week (also on Canvas)

Homework 1: Color & depth (1 sketch)

Create a composition where you:

Use color to create a sense of depth (foreground and background). � Think about what color palette can help you achieve depth–no random colors.

You have drawn on every pixel, without using the background() command

There is a clear focal point to your composition that is created by color.

Homework 2: Music Visual Portrait (1 sketch)

For one piece of music from the list below, create a visual "portrait" using a color scheme that captures the mood of the piece. Color should be a primary element of your portrait.

Carmina Burana - O Fortuna:

Clair de Lune - Debussy:

Spring 1 - Recomposed: Vivaldi's Four Seasons:

When the Saints Go Marchin’In:

Night Owl:

Once Again:

Peer Reviews:

  • Choose work from 3 different classmates
  • Leave comments on the OpenProcessing platform
  • Comments are due by September 20th, at the start of class.

Due Monday, Sept 19 by 5pm

Due by class time, Sept 20