Do Now:

Short day - I skipped DN today

HW:

Friday:

Chapter 26 due

SAQ Unit 8 Progress Check: FRQ Part A

Lesson Objectives:

Explain the continuities and changes in Cold War policies from 1945 to 1980.

News / Updates:

The Loyalty Order: Executive Order 9835

• Executive Order 9835, known as the Loyalty Order, was a response to concerns about communist influence in the Federal government.
• The order required loyalty checks on federal employees and established loyalty review boards to investigate suspicions of communist ties.
• Consequences of the order included the dismissal of employees deemed disloyal and the creation of a culture of suspicion and fear within government agencies.

The Hollywood Ten

The Hollywood Ten Incident

• Ten Hollywood film industry professionals were summoned to testify before the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC).
• They were blacklisted and faced professional ruin after refusing to cooperate with the HUAC's inquiries into alleged communist affiliations.

The Lavender Scare

The Lavender Scare was a period during the Cold War when LGBTQ+ individuals were targeted and persecuted in the Federal government under the guise of rooting out communism.

The Broader Impact of Containment

Influence on Foreign Policy

• Containment policy shaped U.S. foreign relations during the Cold War, guiding interventions in Korea and Vietnam.
• It led to alliances like NATO and SEATO to counter Soviet influence globally.

The Broader Impact of Containment - Domestic

• Joseph McCarthy: Republican Senator from Wisconsin
• Prominent figure in American politics during the early Cold War era (1950s)
• Exploited fears of communism to gain national prominence
• Conducted highly publicized investigations into alleged communist infiltration
• Utilized aggressive and often unsubstantiated accusations
• Claimed to possess a list of names of alleged communists in government
• Tactics characterized by McCarthyism, creating an atmosphere of suspicion and fear
• Led to widespread paranoia and blacklisting of individuals from employment
• Period known as the Red Scare
• Downfall came during televised hearings targeting the U.S. Army in 1954
• Lack of evidence and aggressive tactics led to public condemnation
• Censured by the Senate for his conduct
• McCarthy's influence declined rapidly after his censure
• Died in 1957, but his name remains synonymous with anti-communist hysteria of the Cold War era.

Public Perception and Media Influence

Media Coverage Impact

Propaganda Techniques

Cultural Representation

Media portrayal of communism and anti-communism influenced public opinion, shaping political discourse and societal norms.

Government propaganda utilized fear tactics and misinformation to sway public perception towards anti-communist sentiments.

Movies, literature, and art reflected the prevailing attitudes towards communism, either reinforcing or challenging the dominant narrative.

The Role of the Federal Government

Executive Order 9835 issued by Harry S. Truman to address communist influence in the Federal government.

Congressional hearings including testimonies by individuals like Paul Robeson and Margaret Chase Smith on anti-communist activities.

Influence of the Federal government in shaping policies and strategies to combat communism during the Cold War era.

The Impact on Hollywood and the Arts

Effects of the Red Scare

• The Red Scare led to censorship and blacklisting of individuals in the Hollywood and arts industry.
• Many actors, directors, and writers were targeted and had their careers ruined due to alleged communist ties.
• The fear of being associated with communism resulted in self-censorship and limited creative freedom in the entertainment industry.

The End of McCarthyism and the Red Scare

McCarthyism's Decline

Red Scare's Legacy

Key Events

Public backlash against McCarthy's tactics and the Senate's censure in 1954 weakened his influence, leading to the gradual decline of McCarthyism.

The era of suspicion and fear left a lasting mark on civil liberties, government transparency, and the fight against ideological extremism in the United States.

Events like the Army-McCarthy Hearings in 1954 and the exposure of McCarthy's baseless accusations contributed to the waning credibility of McCarthy and the fading of the Red Scare hysteria.

Key Figures of the Cold War Era

Paul Robeson: Faced investigation for suspected communist ties due to political activism.

Joseph McCarthy: Led anti-communist campaigns and hearings, known for McCarthyism.

Harry S. Truman: Issued Executive Order 9835 to combat communist influence in the Federal government.

David K. Johnson: Researched and documented the Lavender Scare, exposing LGBTQ+ persecution.

John Berry: Member of the Hollywood Ten, faced accusations of communist affiliations.

Margaret Chase Smith: Critic of McCarthyism, emphasized American principles.

Select one of the developments and explain how it influenced the ideas contained in Robeson’s testimony.

• Joseph McCarthy’s role in the Red Scare
• Cold War containment policies
• Korean War
• postwar decolonization
• Jim Crow