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Atoms and the Periodic Table

What is the Periodic Table and How is it Organized?

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VOCABULARY

Electron

Proton

Neutron

Nucleus

Isotope

Atomic number

Atomic mass

Bohr model

Ion

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Valence electrons

Periodic table

Chemical symbol

Period

Family

Group

Octet rule

Metal

Metalloid

Nonmetal

Alkali metal

Alkaline earth metal

Transition metal

Halogen

Noble gas

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DO NOW

*Quick Check-In

Take out your homework…

  • PhET worksheet

Tonight's HW:

  • PLAN strategy “Arranging the Elements”
  • Begin the Study Guide (due on THURS)

AGENDA:

  • Go over HW - PhET worksheet
  • Watch Brainpop - Periodic Table
  • Use PLAN to take notes on “Arranging the Elements”

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DO NOW

  • SIGN INTO BRAINPOP
    • Complete Periodic Table Quiz

Tonight's HW:

  • Complete Color Coding the PT
  • Complete Study Guide (due on THURS)

AGENDA:

  • Look over “Arranging the Elements”
    • Quick Check
  • Lecture and Notes Periodic Table
  • Explore PT

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EXPLAIN - Periodic Table

  • Mendeleev developed the first periodic table. He arranged elements in order of increasing atomic mass. The properties of elements repeated in an orderly pattern, allowing Mendeleev to predict properties for elements that had not yet been discovered.
  • Moseley rearranged the elements in order of increasing atomic number.
  • Elements in the periodic table are divided into metals, metalloids, and nonmetals.
  • Each element has a chemical symbol that is recognized around the world.
  • A horizontal row of elements is called a period. The elements gradually change from metallic to nonmetallic from left to right across each period.
  • A vertical column of elements is called a group or family. Elements in a group usually have similar properties.

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EXPLAIN - Periods vs Families

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Periods - rows going right to left

  • Elements in the same period (horizontal row) have the same number of energy levels.
  • The period number is the same as the number of energy levels
  • Atoms get more massive as you move from left to right across the periodic table

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Families/Groups - columns going up and down

  • Elements in the same family / group (vertical) have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.

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Ex:

  • Potassium and Sodium are both VERY reactive metals
  • Fluorine and Chlorine are both reactive gases

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EXPLAIN - Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

Metals are on the left hand side of the table

  • solid, shiny, good conductors, ductile, malleable, tend to LOSE electrons easily

Non-metals are on the right-hand side of the table.

  • brittle or gas, bad conductors, tend to GAIN electrons easily

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Metalloids are between

the metals and non-metals.

  • partially conduct electricity and heat

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EXPLAIN

Rings, Shells, Clouds and Valence Electrons

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Disclaimer ---> this information works only for the first 20 elements. After that, there is a specific pattern electrons follow to “complete” a shell. Some higher shells can contain 32 or more electrons. There will however always be only 1-8 electrons available (we say in the outer shell).

The electrons available are often called valence electrons or electrons in the outer shell.

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The groups - Alkali metals

Alkali metals (Group 1) -

  • 1 outer-shell electron
  • very reactive
  • silver
  • conductive
  • low density
  • soft - malleable and ductile

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Q: Anyone know any jokes about sodium?

A: Na

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The groups - Alkaline Earth Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2) -

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  • 2 outer-shell electron
  • very reactive
  • silver
  • conductive
  • lower density

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Did you hear about oxygen and magnesium? I was like OMg I never thought they'd get together!

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The groups - Transition Metals

Transition Metals (Group 3-12) -

  1. 1-2 outer-shell electron
  2. less reactive
  3. some are silver
  4. conductive
  5. high density
  6. harder
  7. malleable and ductile

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Silver walks up to Gold in school and says, "AU, get outta here!”

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The groups - Halogens

Halogens (Group 17) -

  • 7 outer-shell electron
  • very reactive
  • non-metals
  • poor conductors
  • never uncombined in nature

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The groups - Noble Gases

Noble Gases (Group 18) -

  • 8 outer-shell electron (full)
  • unreactive
  • gases
  • colorless
  • odorless

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Argon walks into a smoothie bar, when

the barman comes to him and says "Hey you!

Get outta here, this place is not for nobles!".

Argon didn't react

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  • Why is helium the funny gas?

..... Because He He He

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What about the Lanthanides and Actinides?

Lanthanides and Actinides: These are also transition metals that were taken out and placed at the bottom of the table so the table wouldn't be so wide. The elements in each of these two periods share many properties. The lanthanides are shiny and reactive. The actinides are all radioactive and are therefore unstable. Elements 95 through 103 do not exist in nature but have been manufactured in the lab.

Periodic table with Lanthanides and Actinides inserted:

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That would never fit on one page.

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Neutron joke

A neutron walks into a smoothie bar and asks how much for a drink, the bartender says 'for you, no charge!'

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All jokes taken from...

http://chemistry.about.com/u/ua/chemistryjokes/Element-Jokes.htm

http://inorganicventures.com/tech/chemistry-jokes

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DO NOW

Tonight's HW:

  • Study

AGENDA:

  • Color Code the Periodic Table
  • Review and Study
    • Brainpop - Atom and Activity Page
    • Brainpop - Isotopes
    • Brainpop - Ions
    • Brainpop - Review Quiz