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Presentation Structure

Conceptualization and Theorization

Literature Review

Methodology

Results and Discussions

Conclusions and Recommendations

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Conceptualization and Theorization in Research

Conceptualization[Thought process of your research outlook]

Research Topic: (Researchable/Relevant/ contextual/logic/precise)

[Repayment practices and financial performance of HI companies- A case of Prudential Health Insurance of Uganda]

Research Problem/broader issue: [ Low financial performance due high default rates] Research gap built on a global scale, Context, backed by empirical and statistical evidence]

Research Question/specific issue: Why the high default rates?
Purpose and Objectives

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Conceptualization and Theorization in Research….

Research Hypotheses- testable statements: There is positive significant relationship between repayment practices and Financial performance

Define the key variables, dimensions and Relationships Repayment practices and Financial Performance

Conceptual framework

Relevant theories ( theoretical framework) repayment theories( applicability)

# Theory guides practice

Repayment Practices

Monthly
Annual

Financial Performance

Revenue
profits

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Literature Review

Literature review is an important area in broadening:

Broadening our thinking
Making discovery, and coming up with concrete ideas

We could take it that literature review is a gold mine.

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Working definition

Literature refers to existing body of knowledge on the issue that we seek to address

Literature review is the critical study of the existing knowledge with a purpose of coming up with answers, explanations and ideas.

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An important takeaway

Literature is based on credible sources, i.e.,

Mainstream practitioner magazines
Insurance company reports/briefs
Publications appearing in academic journals

These are works that peer reviewed or published by experts on the subject.

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An illustrative example

My discussion with a practitioner, Ms. Jennifer Ssekindi led us to the problem of motor insurance fraud in the industry.

From our discussion it came out clearly that motor garages are playing a big role in this vice.

Our project is on how to get the garages on the side of the insurance companies as an effective way of addressing this vice.

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What would we do in the literature review for this case?

We would visit credible sources and search for the following:

a) Theories—A theory is a backbone to support the idea, giving the likely strenghts/limitations of our idea in a given context (based on the assumptions of the theory)

The theory also gives the important factors and their expected link to the issue.

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In relation to our example...

We realize that the existing interventions are mostly based on the perspectives that emphasize mistrust and punishment.

In our literature review after reviewing several theories we find that a different perspective may actually give us new way of thinking that could be effective, i.e., The crime opportunity theory.

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We thus adopt the opportunity theory in developing a plausible intervention that our company can consider to address motor insurance fraud.

Or to gain a better understanding on how the motor insurance fraud can be addressed in our context in Uganda.

Specifically, we observe that based on this perspective partnership with garages to control fraud can confidently be considered as aviable option.

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b) The literature review would now continue but focusing more on the what is known on the partnership or collabrative interventions that we can consider.

We can even present our literature review findings in a diagram form clearing indicating the effects of these possible collaborative interventions (independent varibles).

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Research Methodology

is specific scientific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process and analyze information about a topic.

Overall theory on how the research should be undertaken

Research method/ design- is a sub-set of the RM comprising of techniques and procedures used to obtain data

NB: Explains the what, how, why, When and where of the research process ( How the research will be carried out)

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��PHILOSOPHICAL ORIENTATION��

School of thought adopted to explain reality;

Positivist stance ( Objective view )

Interpretivist stance (Subjective view )

Social constructivism stance ( Societal views)

Critical realism stance( Objective and Subjective view)

NB: Ontology and Epistemology of the study

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RESEARCH DESIGN

The research design refers to the overall strategy that the researcher chooses to integrate the different components of the study into a coherent and logical way(Labaree, 2009).

A research design is a strategy of inquiry (Williams, 2007).

Well organized research procedure used in a scientific study leading to reasonable end result.

The research design constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data

The research design depends on the different research approaches-quantitative or qualitative or multidimensional data(Ellis & Levy, 2009).

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Types of research Design

Descriptive research design
Explanatory research design
Exploratory research design
Evaluation research design

Qualitative Design

Case study research design
Ethnography Research Design
Grounded Theory Study

Quantitative Design

Survey Research Design
Experimental research design
Correlational research design

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POPULATION STUDY

Total subjects/items under study (entire group of subjects under study)

Indicate the Population size

Sources from authentic national and international reports

Published journals, magazines and articles

Population size and source must be cited in the research document

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UNIT OF ANALYSIS & INQUIRY

Unit of analysis: who/what are you exacting studying? Individuals or companies or firm or own managers?

Is your study anchored at individual or organizational level?

Data analysis and discussion should be anchored on the unit of analysis

Unit of inquiry: Who are the specific respondents or key informants? clients, managers, regulators, agents

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SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING PROCEDURE

SAMPLE SIZE

A sub-set of the population under study ( specific group)

Scientifically derived-through reknown sample size determination formular or sample size determination table (Krejcie and Morgan (1973)

The bigger the sample size the better ( more than 100

SAMPLING STRATEGIES

purposive sampling

Simple random sampling

Stratified random sampling

Cluster random sampling

Area random sampling

Systematic random sampling

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SOURCE AND TYPE OF DATA

Primary sources ( Field data) through surveys-First hand information

Secondary sources (extant literature or published Literature ) through desk reviews

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METHODS & TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION

Questionnaire Method-Survey Questionnaires (Likert scale)

Interview Method (Face to face and FGD interview) using interview/FDG guide.

Desk Review Method-secondary data-Literature review checklist

Observation Method- physical and social reality using an observation checklist

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Data Analysis

Data analysis based on study objectives or hypotheses or research questions

Presentation of the results (descriptively or in tabular form)

Qualitative results, descriptive, matrix, Venn diagrams, vignettes

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Quantitative Data Analysis

Descriptive analysis
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Dispersion
Analyses of Comparison (ANOVA)
Regression analysis [Simple Linear Regression Model and Multiple Linear Regression Model
Structural equation modelling techniques

Yi = β0 + β1Xi
y = B0 + B1 X1 + B2 X2 + B3 X3 +……………………+BkXk

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Qualitative Data Analysis

Content Analysis: a method for analyzing qualitative data that involves systematic coding and categorizing, hence exploring large amounts of textual information

To determine trends and patterns of words used, their frequency, their relationships, and the structures and discourses of communication.
The method also identifies themes or biases.

Content analysis analyses both primary and secondary data in a systematic and objective way to describe phenomena

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Thematic Analysis

Thematic analysis is an independent qualitative descriptive method for identifying, analyzing and reporting patterns (themes) within data.

Thematic analysis moves beyond counting explicit words or phrases and focuses on identifying and describing both implicit and explicit ideas within the data, that is, themes.

Codes are then typically developed to represent the identified themes and applied or linked to raw data as summary markers for later analysis.

However, thematic analysis may or may not involve comparing code frequencies, identifying code co-occurrence, and graphically displaying relationships between codes within the data set

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Thank you

for

your Attention

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Enhancing Professionalism

Q&A

Professional indemnity insurance