Advanced Python Programming

Hoang-Giang Cao (高黃江)

Sep 2023

Optimization Methods (Spring 2024)

• Brute Force Search - Random search
• Hill Climbing/Genetic Algorithm/Simulated Annealing
• Gradient Descent - Newton Method
• Simple Neural Network

Leetcode

• Create account
• Try some first easy questions
• Select Python3

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Select Python3

Nested loop

Basic Python

Extra homework 10/28

• Only 10/28 submission
• Deadline: 12/21 23:59 (tonight)

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• Practice for the FINAL EXAM -> Do it yourself
• If you can not finish this HW -> You will get trouble in the FINAL EXAM

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30mins delay 8:30 AM

Basic Python

HW 1-2-3

• Who has not submitted HW 1, 2, 3 can re-submit
• Deadline: 23:59PM 12/28
• To: chgiang24@mail.mcu.edu.tw
• 50% score

Basic Python

FINAL EXAM

• 12 Jan 2024.
• 10 programming questions (no OOP)
• 4 easy, 4 medium (HW+Midterm), 2 hard
• Be prepared.
• Practice on HW, extra-HW, exercises.
• You MUST know how to code Python to solve a problem
• Min, max, average value, if-else, for-while, divisible by, count condition

Basic Python

On-site practice for Final Exam -> Extra homework.

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• Friday Dec 29th 2023.
• 90 mins. From 8:20 to 9:50
• 5 programming questions (medium level)
• +3% to final score.
• Prepare for the Final Exam.

Advanced Python Programming

FINAL EXAM

• 23 Dec 2024
• 90 mins 13:15 - 14:45
• 6-8 programming questions. On-site programming
• Be prepared.
• You must know how to code Python for solving the problems. Similar to the Midterm
• Min, max, average value, if-else, for-while, divisible by, count, conditioned number
• Basic Object Oriented Programming (Class, Inheritance)

Schedule Advanced Python Programming

Python Libraries

• What is library in python
• How to use library in Python
• Popular library in Python
• How to make your own library

Python Libraries

• 37,000 python libraries
• There are over 137,000 python libraries present today
• Machine learning, data science, data visualization, image and data manipulation applications, and more

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• Cannot cover them all in this course

Python Libraries

• There is lots of python libraries: 37,000 python libraries
• Objective:
• Briefly introduce some popular libraries and their functions
• Know how to install and use the library
• To deeply understand a specific library, you need to work through practical projects.

Library in python

• A library in Python is a collection of pre-written code or modules.
• Libraries are designed for reuse a set of functions and methods.

from random import randint

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number = randint(5,100)

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print(number)

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Python library (random.py)

Your file

Library in python

• Someone already wrote a set of functions/modules
• We can just use them.

from random import randint

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number = randint(5,100)

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print(number)

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Python library (random.py)

Your file

Python Libraries

• There are some built-in library in Python
• Can use directly, don't need to install

Python Libraries

• There are some built-in library in Python
• Can use directly, don't need to install

For math functions

• math.sqrt ->
• Math.pow -> x^y
• Math.sin -> sin(x)
• math.cos -> cos(x)

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Python Libraries

• There are some built-in library in Python
• Can use directly, don't need to install

For random generator

• random.random()
• random.randint(a,b)
• random.choice(arr)
• random.shuffle(x)

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Third-party Python Libraries

• Some other library need to install if you want to use it
• Some popular Python libraries
• Numpy, Pandas, Matplotlib, SciPy, Keras for Data Processing
• OpenCV, Pillow for Image Processing
• Pytorch, Tensorflow for Deep Learning
• Tkinter for GUI Application

Third-party Python Libraries

• Some other library need to install if you want to use it
• Some popular Python libraries
• Numpy, Pandas, Matplotlib, SciPy, Keras for Data Processing
• OpenCV, Pillow for Image Processing
• Pytorch, Tensorflow for Deep Learning
• Tkinter for GUI Application

GCI_Auto_Judge made by Tkinter

Third-party Python Libraries

• To install library, use pip install name_of_library
• From the terminal, type:

pip install numpy

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pip install matplotlib

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pip install

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Python Libraries

Third-party Python Libraries

Numpy

Third-party Python Libraries

Matplotlib

Built-in Python Libraries

Random

Random library

• To use a built-in library, we need to import the library in to your code

import random

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number = random.randint(5,100)

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print(number)

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Need to call the library_name.function()

Random library

• To use a built-in library, we need to import the library in to your code

import random as rd

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number = rd.randint(5,100)

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print(number)

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Need to call the shorter_name.function()

as shorter_name

import numpy as np

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import matplotlib as plt

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import tensorflow as tf

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Random library

• To use a built-in library, we need to import the library in to your code

from random import randint,randchoice

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number = randint(5,100)

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print(number)

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Only import the needed function

Don’t need to call with the library name

Random library

• To use a built-in library, we need to import the library in to your code

from random import *

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number = randint(5,100)

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print(number)

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Import all functions in the library

Don’t need to call with the library name

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Random library

• To use a built-in library, we need to import the library in to your code

from random import *

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number = randint(5,100)

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print(number)

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import random

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number = random.randint(5,100)

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print(number)

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from random import randint,randchoice

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number = randint(5,100)

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print(number)

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import random as rd

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number = rd.randint(5,100)

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print(number)

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Import the library

Import the library as shorter name

Import specific functions

Import all functions

Random library

• The random library equips us with powerful tools to generate pseudo-random numbers
• Let’s see some functions from random library
• random()
• randint(a, b)
• choice(seq)
• shuffle(seq)
• uniform(a, b)

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Random library

• random() -> return a random float number in range 0-1

Adding noise for generalization purpose in training data

import random

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number = random.random()

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print("random number",number )

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Random library

• randint(min,max) -> Random a number in range [a,b]

import random

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lucky_number = random.randint(0,100)

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print("The winner is",lucky_number )

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import random

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lucky_number = random.randint(1,40)

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print("The winner is U116270"+str(lucky_number).zfill(2))

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Random library

• choice(x) -> random choice an item in a list

import random

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arr = ["McDonald","Burger King", "Mos Burger","KFC"]

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result = random.choice(arr)

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print("Today, you should eat",result)

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Random library

• choice(x) -> random choice an item in a list

import random

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arr = ["A","B", "C","D"]

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result = random.choice(arr)

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print("Random answer, you should choice",result)

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Random library

• shuffle() -> shuffle a list

Shuffle data for training

import random

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arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

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print("before shuffle:")

print(arr)

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random.shuffle(arr)

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print("After shuffle:")

print(arr)

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Random library

• Create rock paper scissors game

import random

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def get_computer_choice():

return random.choice(['rock', 'paper', 'scissors'])

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computer_choice = get_computer_choice()

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print("computer_choice:", computer_choice)

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Random library

• Create rock paper scissors game

import random

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def get_computer_choice():

return random.choice(['rock', 'paper', 'scissors'])

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def get_user_choice():

print("1. rock")

print("2. paper")

print("3. scissors")

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int_choice = input("your choice:")

int_choice = int (int_choice)

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if (int_choice ==1) :

return "rock"

elif (int_choice ==2) :

return "paper"

elif (int_choice ==3) :

return "scissors"

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computer_choice = get_computer_choice()

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your_choice = get_user_choice()

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print("")

print("computer_choice:", computer_choice)

print("your_choice:", your_choice)

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Random library

• Create rock paper scissors game

def who_win(your_choice,computer_choice):

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if (your_choice == "rock"):

if (computer_choice=="paper"):

return "You Lose!"

elif(computer_choice=="scissors"):

return "You Win!"

elif(computer_choice=="rock"):

return "Draw"

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if (your_choice == "paper"):

if (computer_choice=="paper"):

return "Draw"

elif(computer_choice=="scissors"):

return "You Lose!"

elif(computer_choice=="rock"):

return "You Win!"

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if (your_choice == "scissors"):

if (computer_choice=="paper"):

return "You Win"

elif(computer_choice=="scissors"):

return "Draw!"

elif(computer_choice=="rock"):

return "You Loss!"

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Random library

• Create rock paper scissors game

def who_win(your_choice,computer_choice):

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if your_choice == computer_choice:

return "Draw!"

elif (

(your_choice == 'rock' and computer_choice == 'scissors') or

(your_choice == 'paper' and computer_choice == 'rock') or

(your_choice == 'scissors' and computer_choice == 'paper')

):

return "You win!"

else:

return "Computer wins!"

Optimize the code

Check it by yourself!

Random library

• Create rock paper scissors game

import random

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def get_computer_choice():

arr = ["rock","paper","scissors"]

return random.choice(arr)

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def get_user_choice():

print("1. rock")

print("2. paper")

print("3. scissors")

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user_input = input("Your choice is:")

user_input = int (user_input)

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if user_input == 1:

return "rock"

elif user_input == 2:

return "paper"

elif user_input == 3:

return "scissors"

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def who_win (your_choice, computer_choice):

if (your_choice == computer_choice):

return "Draw"

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if (your_choice == "rock"):

if (computer_choice== "paper"):

return "Computer Win!"

elif(computer_choice== "scissors"):

return "You Win!"

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if (your_choice == "paper"):

if (computer_choice== "rock"):

return "You Win!"

elif(computer_choice== "scissors"):

return "Computer Win!"

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if (your_choice == "scissors"):

if (computer_choice== "rock"):

return "Computer Win!"

elif(computer_choice== "paper"):

return "You Win!"

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you_win = 0

computer_win = 0

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while (you_win != 3 and computer_win != 3):

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computer_choice = get_computer_choice()

your_choice = get_user_choice()

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print("computer_choice:",computer_choice)

print("your_choice:",your_choice)

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print("")

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result = who_win(your_choice,computer_choice)

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print(result)

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if (result=="You Win!"):

you_win +=1

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if (result=="Computer Win!"):

computer_win +=1

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print(f"You {you_win} : {computer_win} Computer")

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print("")

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if (you_win == 3):

print("You are the winner")

elif(computer_win == 3):

print("Computer is the winner")

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Built-in Python Libraries

Math

Math library

• In Python, the math module is a standard library module that provides mathematical functions.

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• sqrt -> Square Root
• sin, cos, tan - Trigonometric Functions
• pow - Power Function
• ceil, floor - Ceiling and Floor Functions
• fabs - Absolute Value
• round - Rounding

Math library

• How to import math library

import math

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num = -10

abs_value = math.fabs(num)

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print(f"|{num}| = {abs_value}")

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import math as m

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num = -10

abs_value = m.fabs(num)

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print(f"|{num}| = {abs_value}")

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from math import *

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num = -10

abs_value = fabs(num)

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print(f"|{num}| = {abs_value}")

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from math import fabs

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num = -10

abs_value = fabs(num)

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print(f"|{num}| = {abs_value}")

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Math library

• sqrt(x) -> Square Root of (x)->

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import math

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num = 25

result = math.sqrt(num)

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print(result)

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Math library

• pow(x,y) -> power functions -> x^y
• Similar as x**y -> x^y

import math

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x = 2

y = 3

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result_exp = math.pow(x,y)

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print (f"{x}^{y}={result_exp}")

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result_exp_2= x**y

print (f"{x}^{y}={result_exp_2 }")

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Math library

• Ceil: rounds a number UP to the nearest integer.
• It returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to the given number

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import math

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num = 4.5

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ceil_result = math.ceil(num)

print(f"Ceil of {num} = {ceil_result}")

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num = 4.9

ceil_result = math.ceil(num)

print(f"Ceil of {num} = {ceil_result}")

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num = 4.1

ceil_result = math.ceil(num)

print(f"Ceil of {num} = {ceil_result}")

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Ceil of 4.5 = 5

Ceil of 4.9 = 5

Ceil of 4.1 = 5

Math library

• floor: rounds a number DOWN to the nearest integer.
• It returns the smallest integer smaller than or equal to the given number

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import math

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num = 4.5

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ceil_result = math.floor(num)

print(f"Floor of {num} = {ceil_result}")

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num = 4.9

ceil_result = math.floor(num)

print(f"Floor of {num} = {ceil_result}")

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num = 4.1

ceil_result = math.floor(num)

print(f"Floor of {num} = {ceil_result}")

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Floor of 4.5 = 4

Floor of 4.9 = 4

Floor of 4.1 = 4

• round(x): Rounds a floating-point number to the nearest integer.
• Built-in function, not in math library

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num = 4.5

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ceil_result = round(num)

print(f"Round of {num} = {ceil_result}")

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num = 4.51

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ceil_result = round(num)

print(f"Round of {num} = {ceil_result}")

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num = 4.49

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ceil_result = round(num)

print(f"Round of {num} = {ceil_result}")

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num = 4.9

ceil_result = round(num)

print(f"Round of {num} = {ceil_result}")

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num = 4.1

ceil_result = round(num)

print(f"Round of {num} = {ceil_result}")

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round of 4.5 = 4

round of 4.51 = 5

round of 4.49 = 4

round of 4.9 = 5

round of 4.1 = 4

• round(x,precise): Rounds a floating-point number to a specified number of decimal places (precision)
• Built-in function, not in math library

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num = 4.5

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ceil_result = round(num)

print(f"round of {num} = {ceil_result}")

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num = 4.5524123

precision = 2

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ceil_result = round(num,precision)

print(f"round of {num} with {precision} decimal = {ceil_result}")

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num = 4.5524123

precision = 4

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ceil_result = round(num,precision)

print(f"round of {num} with {precision} decimal = {ceil_result}")

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round of 4.5 = 4

round of 4.5524123 with 2 decimal = 4.55

round of 4.5524123 with 4 decimal = 4.5524

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Math library

• fabs(x) -> function returns the absolute value -> |x|

import math

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num = -10

abs_value = math.fabs(num)

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print(f"|{num}| = {abs_value}")

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|-10| = 10.0

Math library

• math.radians(x), math.degree(x), math.pi - Trigonometric Functions

import math

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rad = math.pi

degree = math.degrees(rad)

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print(rad,"rad","=", degree,"degree")

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degree = 180

rad = math.radians (degree)

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print(degree,"degree","=", rad,"rad")

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• math.radians(x) converts from degree to radian
• math.degree(x) converts from radian to degree
• math.pi: PI value

Math library

• sin(x), cos(x), tan(x) - Trigonometric Functions

import math

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rad = math.pi/2

sin_value = math.sin(rad)

cos_value = math.cos(rad)

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print(f"sin({rad }) = {sin_value}")

print(f"cos({rad }) = {cos_value}")

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degree = 60

sin_value = math.sin(math.radians(degree))

cos_value = math.cos(math.radians(degree))

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print(f"sin({degree}) = {sin_value}")

print(f"cos({degree}) = {cos_value}")

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• Use radian
• Need to convert to radian

Advanced Python Programming

FINAL EXAM

• 23 Dec 2024
• 90 mins 13:15 - 14:45
• 6-8 programming questions. On-site programming
• Be prepared.
• You must know how to code Python for solving the problems
• Min, max, average value, if-else, for-while, divisible by, count, conditioned number
• Basic Object Oriented Programming (Class, Inheritance)

Advanced Python Programming

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Good luck to you with this course!

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Any questions?