US History and Government
Regents Review 11.1
Colonial Foundations (1607-1763)
Disease!
New England has a short growing season and rocky soil that makes farming difficult. It does have fishing grounds and forests for lumber.
Middle Colonies - “Breadbasket” of the colonies. Religious and ethnic diversity.
Southern Colonies - Long growing season, focus on agriculture, use of indentured servants and slave labor.
Indentured servants (Chattel) Slavery
Europeans that worked for 5-7 years to pay off trip to America
Free at end of service
Replaced by chattel slavery
Developed into permanent slavery.
Slavery based on race. Children of slaves were slaves.
Used throughout colonies, but most popular in the SOUTHERN colonies
Production of cotton depended on slave labor
Early forms of self-government
House of Burgesses (1619)
Mayflower Compact
Democratic Principles
Magna Carta- Limits power of king, habeas corpus, developed role for Parliament to legislate.
English Bill of Rights - Limits power of the government by guaranteeing basic rights
Enlightenment Ideas
Voltaire - Freedom of speech
Baron de Montesquieu - Separation of powers and checks and balances
John Locke - Natural rights (Life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness). Consent of the governed (you can rebel against a government that does not protect your natural rights)
Colonial Traditions
Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 - Provided for religious freedom and tolerance
John Peter Zenger - Criticized the government and was not punished. Established a tradition of freedom of the press and speech
Right of Petition in New Netherland - Establish tradition of the right to present complaints to the government
(1) Southern colonies
(2) Middle Atlantic region
(3) Northwest Territory
(4) New England colonies
2. The Mayflower Compact and the Virginia House of Burgesses are most closely associated with
(1) abuses by absolute monarchs
(2) establishment of religious toleration
(3) steps toward colonial self-government
(4) adoption of universal suffrage
3. Climatic conditions in the southern colonies most directly influenced the development of
(1) democratic institutions
(2) a canal system
(3) the plantation system
(4) the coal industry
4.
5. The presence of which pair of geographic conditions discouraged the development of a plantation economy in the New England colonies?
(1) wide coastal plain and absence of good harbors
(2) rocky soil and short growing season
(3) numerous rivers and humid climate
(4) flatlands and lack of forests
6. Which city is correctly paired with the geographic feature that most directly affected its growth?
(1) New Orleans — Pacific Ocean
(2) New York City — Chesapeake Bay
(3) Chicago — Great Lakes
(4) Los Angeles — Appalachian Mountains
7. The Mayflower Compact is considered an important step in the development of American democracy because it
(1) established the principle of separation of church and state
(2) provided a basis for self-government in the Plymouth Colony
(3) defined relations with local Native American Indians
(4) outlawed slavery in the Massachusetts Bay Colony
8. Which geographic area was added to the United States by the Louisiana Purchase?
(1) Appalachian Mountains
(2) Columbia River valley
(3) Great Plains
(4) Piedmont Plateau
9.
10. In the 1700s, the triangular trade led directly to the
(1) middle colonies’ role as the chief importers of agricultural products
(2) rapid industrialization of the southern colonies
(3) decline of the New England economy
(4) increased importation of enslaved Africans to the Western Hemisphere
11. The writings of John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Baron de Montesquieu are significant in United States history because they
(1) opposed the use of slave labor in the Americas
(2) supported the absolute right of the king to impose taxes
(3) encouraged the formation of political parties and political machines
(4) influenced the authors of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution
12. Which geographic factor most directly influenced the location of the first English settlements in North America?
(1) rivers along the Atlantic coast
(2) availability of flat land in the Midwest
(3) mild climate along the Gulf coast
(4) forests throughout the Middle Colonies
13. The Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights were significant influences on United States constitutional development because they
(1) provided suffrage for all men and women
(2) placed limits on the powers of the government
(3) called for the abolition of slavery
(4) supported the development of federalism
14. The creation of the Virginia House of Burgesses and the signing of the Mayflower Compact showed that American colonists
(1) supported the abolition of slavery
(2) practiced elements of self-government
(3) promoted public education
(4) demanded immediate independence
MC 11.1 Answers
1. (4) 2. (3) 3. (3) 4. (4) 5. (2) 6. (3) 7. (2) 8. (3) 9. (2) 10. (4) 11. (4) 12. (1) 13. (2) 14. (2)