The Belonging Handbook
Practical lessons for local communities on building belonging, bridging differences, and cultivating shared prosperity from peers who have walked the walk
2026 | Version 1.0
About this Handbook
What is this Handbook?
The Belonging Handbook provides practical lessons, tips, and how-tos to support you in building belonging in your community. ��You may use the Handbook as a jumping off point if you are just getting started. Or it may be a helpful source of inspiration if you have been at this work for a while and you need some innovative new ideas from experts and peers around the country.
Who should use this Handbook?
The Belonging Handbook is primarily intended for people interested in creating belonging in their local communities and strengthening community bonds, for example by: �
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About this Handbook
This Handbook might be helpful if you are:
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Welcome to The Belonging Handbook
We encourage you to watch this brief introduction video from Kimberly Serrano, the Director of the Center for Inclusion and Belonging at the American Immigration Council, as you begin your journey with this Handbook.
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About this Handbook
Why did we create this Handbook?
For the last several years, the Center for Inclusion and Belonging (CIB) has been working to understand the art and science of building belonging in partnership with community leaders from across the country [see the Appendix for more]. The Belonging Handbook provides practical lessons informed by the CIB’s research and its grassroots partnerships to increase belonging in local contexts, which is greatly needed as we face growing divisions and polarization in our communities and neighborhoods.
As you will learn in this Handbook, building belonging, bridging differences, and cultivating shared prosperity benefits all of us in many ways by improving our personal health and well-being, educational outcomes, workplace satisfaction, social cohesion in our communities, and civic engagement in our democracy. Many of the experts and community leaders featured in this Handbook share that building belonging feels essential right now – and that it will take all of us playing a part to make real progress. We are so glad you are here. Let’s get started.
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Acknowledgements
The Belonging Handbook was created by the Center for Inclusion and Belonging at the American Immigration Council. The practical lessons provided in the Handbook would not have been possible without the expertise and real-world experiences of the Council’s partners in communities across the country.
This project was spearheaded and compiled by Emily Baird-Chrisohon and Kimberly Serrano at the CIB with support from an anonymous donor and in partnership with Alyah Khan, Cristina Alvarez, and Elysha Dávila at Wonder for Good. Matt Erickson, Reed Kelly, and Sarah Flowers of 76 Words contributed to editing video lessons.
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Thank you to the many contributors featured in the Handbook:
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Rich Andre Director of State and Local Initiatives, American Immigration Council New York City Nichole Argo�Executive Director and Founder, �TogetherUp Institute and Founder and Co-Director, Needham Resilience Network Needham, Massachusetts Wendy Petersen-Boring Professor of History, Willamette University Co-Founder, The Conversation Project Salem, Oregon | David Gutterman�Professor of Politics, Policy, Law and Ethics, Willamette University�Co-Founder, The Conversation Project Salem, Oregon Jackie Guzman Founding Board Member, Empowering Families Scottsbluff, Nebraska Dr. Alaina Jackson Managing Director, Global Detroit Detroit, Michigan Chelsie Kramer Texas State Organizer, American Immigration Council Houston, Texas | Krystal Reyes Tulsa, Oklahoma Valeria Rodriguez Executive Director, Empowering Families Scottsbluff, Nebraska Kimberly Serrano Director, Center for Inclusion and Belonging at the American Immigration Council Southern California Ze Min Xiao President and CEO, The Center for Economic Opportunity and Belonging Salt Lake City, Utah |
Table of Contents
2. The Foundations of Belonging
3. How to get started: Understanding your community and getting into the right mindset
5. Belonging, resilience, and local government
6. Belonging, business, and shared prosperity
7. Fundraising for belonging work
8. Overcoming challenges when building belonging
9. How do you know your efforts to build belonging are working?
10. Thank You and Get in Touch
11. Appendix: Additional Resources
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Each video lesson is followed by a reflection exercise
The Foundations of Belonging
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What does it mean to belong?
Social psychologist Nichole Argo is the executive director and founder of the TogetherUp Institute and the founder and co-director of the Needham Resilience Network in Massachusetts.
In her local community work, �Nichole invites people to think of their own sense of belonging in three ways:
These three concepts are known as the principles of belonging — and are explained in more detail in this video lesson.
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Video Recap: Belonging as a scale
Here, individuals experience: feeling left out, ignored, rejected, or excluded
Over Zero and The Center for Inclusion & Belonging at the American Immigration Council (2024). The Belonging Barometer: The State of Belonging in America. Revised ed. https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/report/the-belonging-barometer/
Here, individuals experience:
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Reflection Exercise: What does it mean to belong?
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One way to deepen your understanding of what it means to belong is to consider your own sense of belonging. For this exercise, think about a time when you felt a strong sense of belonging–whether in your community, among your friends or family, in a religious group, at school, at your workplace, or another setting.
Now think about a setting when you felt uncomfortable – or even excluded or rejected.
Now, consider the principles of connection, psychological safety, and agency. How did these show up – or not show up – in the settings and communities you just described?
Why is it important to build belonging?
Research undertaken by the Center for Inclusion and Belonging, Over Zero, and other partners has found that an increased sense of belonging among community members positively correlates to health and education outcomes, more robust civic engagement and trust, a stronger connection to your workplace, and less division among groups with different identities.
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Why is it important to build belonging?
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�Speakers featured:
�Kimberly Serrano
Director, Center for Inclusion and Belonging at the American Immigration Council
Nichole Argo
Executive Director and Founder, TogetherUp Institute
Founder and Co-Director, Needham Resilience Network
Ze Min Xiao
President and CEO, The Center for Economic Opportunity and Belonging, Utah
Reflection Exercise: Why is it important to build belonging?
Experts and community leaders featured in this Handbook agree that belonging is an essential human need. They share that if we don’t find it in our community or in a particular group setting, we will seek it out elsewhere, including in ways that sometimes result in othering.
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In this reflection exercise, we ask you to consider the ways in which you’ve seen belonging show up in your community and how this has been beneficial. We also ask you to consider what factors might be leading some groups to experience a sense of exclusion. In your community, consider:
How to get started:
Understanding your community and getting into the right mindset
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How to get started
One of the hardest parts of building belonging in your community is knowing where to start.
Valeria Rodriguez, Executive Director of Empowering Families in Scottsbluff, Nebraska, shares how she began her community work by using Over Zero and the American Immigration Council’s Belonging Barometer, an accessible tool for measuring belonging that can be used pre- and post-interventions. Another tool available to you as you get started is the Council’s Map the Impact, which provides comprehensive state and local immigration data. In addition, practitioners emphasize the importance of getting in the right mindset to do this work, particularly when it comes to partnerships.
Deep listening and partnership with a core group of community members to truly understand the needs and priorities of the community is often the best place to start.
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“When thinking through where to start I would remind the person pursuing this work that this isn't about them or their ideas. And that where they should start is with the community.”
– Dr. Alaina Jackson, Global Detroit
How to get started
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Speakers featured:
Valeria Rodriguez
Executive Director, Empowering Families, Nebraska
Nichole Argo
Executive Director and Founder, TogetherUp Institute
Founder and Co-Director, Needham Resilience Network
Rich Andre
Director of State and Local Initiatives, American Immigration Council
Dr. Alaina Jackson
Managing Director, Global Detroit
Reflection Exercise: How to get started
We understand that getting started can be one of the hardest steps in building belonging in your community. We encourage you to review some of the tools, including the Belonging Barometer, provided in this lesson as a way to start developing a belonging intervention. �
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In this reflection exercise, we encourage you to embrace your curiosity. �
How to move from ideas to action:
Innovative ways leaders
are building belonging
around the country
In this section we explore:
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How to nurture lasting partnerships
Ze Min Xiao is the President and CEO of The Center for Economic Opportunity and Belonging in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Ze, an immigrant from rural China, has spent nearly three decades in Utah and her work is focused on collaboration among diverse public and private partners to co-create solutions for pressing economic issues in the state. �
She explains in this video lesson how her organization nurtures meaningful partnerships and where you can begin when it comes to establishing cross-sector partnerships.
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Reflection Exercise: How to nurture lasting partnerships
As Ze explains in this video lesson, cross-sector partnerships are critical when it comes to building belonging and addressing important social issues in your community.
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You can use this reflection exercise to consider the existing partnerships you have and how you might strengthen them to increase belonging or what new partnerships you hope to establish.
How to build bridges across differences through stories
Willamette University Professors Wendy Petersen-Boring and David Gutterman founded The Conversation Project, an initiative to cultivate capacity for honest, transformative dialogue, because of concerns about polarization following the 2016 U.S. elections.
They developed a curriculum that allows students to develop important intrapersonal skills over time, such as staying grounded, listening, developing compassion for self and others, cultivating curiosity, and staying passionate and non-reactive.
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“We tend to think immediately of bridging work as trying to build some sort of great expanse between two very distant poles. And a lot of the bridging work that we do first is building the smaller bridges between people who agree on so many things, but have a fissure or a disagreement or a curiosity or a difference about something else.
We think about bridging work as not one great expanse, but a series of connected smaller bridges that we are able to create between people and between communities. Once we break it down into smaller bridges, the work becomes that much more accessible and possible.” �
– Professor David Gutterman
How to build bridges across differences through stories
In this video lesson, Wendy and David define what bridging work is, how to intentionally create the conditions for bridging work, and why storytelling and listening is essential to difficult bridge-building conversations.
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Reflection Exercise:
How to build bridges across differences through stories
This video lesson considers how to build bridges, including how storytelling can play an important role in lowering the temperature and helping people see one another in difficult conversations. As Professor David Gutterman shares, the point in these types of conversations is not to “win” but to understand.
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In this exercise, we want you to reflect on the role co-creation plays in building belonging among different groups.
Now let’s consider how this lesson can support you in your work, including the idea of ‘small bridges’:
How to authentically co-create belonging
Dr. Alaina Jackson is the managing director at Global Detroit, a nonprofit organization that deeply believes that immigrant inclusion is an economic development strategy that can bring prosperity to all Michiganders.
In this video lesson, Dr. Jackson shares about Global Detroit’s Social Cohesion Project, which brings together longtime African American residents and their newer immigrant neighbors to build trust, solidarity, and relationships as they work toward a common goal.
Through this case study, Dr. Jackson explores how bridging techniques work, why co-creation was critical to the success of this project, and how to handle disagreements among community members.
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Reflection Exercise:
How to authentically co-create belonging
In this video lesson, Dr. Jackson shares that although residents and the neighborhoods she worked with were doing well, there was a lack of social cohesion as people were living detached lives from one another and there were deep biases. In order to bring neighbors together and create stronger social cohesion, Dr. Jackson and her organization empowered community members to co-create a process and solutions toward a common goal.
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In this exercise, we want you to reflect on the role co-creation plays in building belonging among different groups.
Belonging, resilience, and
local government
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How to implement belonging programs in ways that are good for civic engagement
Kimberly Serrano is the director of the Center for Inclusion and Belonging at the American Immigration Council. She shares from her experience working with local leaders that as community members begin to feel a deeper sense of belonging, residents report stronger outcomes in civic trust, civic engagement, and democracy indicators.
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How to implement belonging programs in ways
that are good for civic engagement
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Speakers featured:
Kimberly Serrano
Director, Center for Inclusion and Belonging at the American Immigration Council
Valeria Rodriguez
Executive Director, Empowering Families, Nebraska
Rich Andre
Director of State and Local Initiatives, American Immigration Council
Perspectives from local government:
How to foster collaboration
Krystal Reyes is the first Latina Deputy Mayor of the City of Tulsa. Prior to her appointment as Deputy Mayor, Krystal was the Chief Resilience Officer for the City of Tulsa, a role in which she oversaw immigrant and refugee inclusion work and the New Tulsans Welcoming Plan.
In this video lesson, Deputy Mayor Reyes shares her advice for nonprofit and community leaders on how to effectively collaborate with their local city government in order to expand the reach of their belonging work and how to maintain a diverse coalition of stakeholders.
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Reflection Exercise:
Belonging, resilience, and local government
This exercise can be helpful if you are part of the local government or interested in collaborating with your local government.
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First, consider how belonging has impacted civic engagement in your community. Next, weigh which groups are included and excluded from civic participation and to what extent your local government is interested or invested in these efforts.
Belonging, business, and shared prosperity
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How to implement belonging programs in ways that are good for business
Chelsie Kramer is the Texas State Organizer for the American Immigration Council. In this role, she leads the organization’s business coalition work through Texans for Economic Growth and collaborates primarily with chambers of commerce and business leaders.
In this video lesson and case study, Chelsie shares how business leaders can support their employees’ sense of belonging, as well as how communities can strengthen shared prosperity through welcoming programs with business and education partners.
She also highlights specific examples of how increased belonging has benefitted business and economic growth in rural parts of Texas.
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Reflection Exercise: Belonging, business, and shared prosperity
Chelsie Kramer shares how increasing belonging among employees benefits business and shared prosperity in communities. If you are a business leader, you can use this reflection exercise to consider how to strengthen belonging in your workplace. This resource may also be helpful to you as an employer: Cultivating Belonging at the Workplace. If you are interested in partnering with businesses in your belonging initiative, we also pose some questions on how to get this process started.
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For those interested in partnering with business:
For business leaders:
Fundraising for belonging work
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Fundraising for belonging work resources and ideas
The leaders featured in this Handbook run programs in their communities that are funded in various ways – through government resources, philanthropic donations, employers, educational institutions, or community foundations. There are many examples of groups who have led larger data collection efforts by mobilizing resources from community foundations – like in Colorado, or in Washington. However, many started small – with just themselves and a small number of volunteers.
There are many things you may be able to do without raising a lot of money. These might include:
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Fundraising for belonging work resources and ideas
Often, taking a first step like one of these is also the first step to longer-term fundraising. Smaller wins demonstrate the success and the commitment that funders often look for when thinking about giving larger grants. It can also be helpful to start with potential funding partnerships in mind, locally – for example, your community may already have a local community foundation, government-funded workforce development program, welcoming program, or other organizations that share similar goals as you have in mind. We recommend making contact and meeting with these groups to understand what they may already be doing, and to illuminate any gaps you are seeing.
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Reflection Exercise: Fundraising for belonging work
This exercise is meant to help you consider what you can do without funds, the funds you need to do this work sustainably, and what next steps to take.
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Overcoming challenges when building belonging
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How to overcome challenges
In this video lesson, Ze Min Xiao, Chelsie Kramer, and Jackie Guzman share their reflections on the current environment and its impact on belonging work. They also discuss how to overcome challenges when building belonging, including:
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How to overcome challenges
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Speakers featured:
Ze Min Xiao
President and CEO, The Center for Economic Opportunity and Belonging, Utah
Chelsie Kramer
Texas State Organizer, American Immigration Council
Jackie Guzman
Founding Board Member, Empowering Families
Reflection Exercise: How to overcome challenges
This work is hard, it takes time, and you will encounter challenges, as many of the experts and community leaders featured in the Handbook explain. We hope this video lesson provides some ideas on how to overcome the difficult challenges you might experience in belonging work.
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We offer this reflection exercise to help you identify challenges you have faced, how to effectively collaborate, and how to engage people with different perspectives.
How do you know your efforts to build belonging are working?
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How to know building belonging is
working in your community
In this video lesson, belonging experts and community leaders explain how they know their efforts to build belonging are making a difference, including measurement data and qualitative evidence such as new relationships or organizational collaborations – and they share real-life belonging success stories from Needham, Massachusetts, Salt Lake City, Utah, and Scottsbluff, Nebraska for your inspiration.
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How to know building belonging is working in your community
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�Speakers featured:
Krystal Reyes
Deputy Mayor of Tulsa
Ze Min Xiao
President and CEO, The Center for Economic Opportunity and Belonging, Utah
Nichole Argo
Executive Director and Founder, TogetherUp Institute
Founder and Co-Director, Needham Resilience Network
Rich Andre
Director of State and Local Initiatives, American Immigration Council
Valeria Rodriguez
Executive Director, Empowering Families, Nebraska
Reflection Exercise:
How to know building belonging is working in your community
Congratulations: You’ve made it this far! That means you have already made a difference, because each step along the path you have chosen to build to belonging is a step in the right direction – for both you and for your community.
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Whether you are just getting started or looking for inspiration to keep going, use this reflection exercise to consider how to celebrate each win along the way.
Thank You and Get in Touch
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Final Reflections
Thank you for visiting this Handbook! We sincerely hope it has provided you with inspiration and learning for your next steps. We also invite you to share this guide with others in your community or network, and welcome your lessons, innovations, and questions. In the spirit of co-creation, we are confident you will unlock new ideas and breakthroughs, and we look forward to hearing from you so we can continue to develop and grow this work together.
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We welcome your questions, feedback, and reflections.
Final Reflection Exercise
We will end with a final reflection exercise.
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Appendix: Additional Resources
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A nuanced new tool for measuring belonging that is robust, accessible, and readily deployable in the service of efforts to advance the common good. The Barometer (and further variations and versions of the tool) can be adapted to measure levels of belonging over time (e.g., for workers, students, residents), or to track pre- and post-intervention changes.
In this guide, the authors describe how to set the stage for people from different backgrounds to engage with each other in ways that foster trust and belonging, while also drawing on their similarities and differences to solve community problems.
Informed by business leaders and nuanced national research, this guide is designed to help you: understand the current state of belonging in the workplace; build a business case for developing a strategy on belonging; and take action to foster belonging and measure your progress.
The Center for Belonging and Inclusion (CIB) at the American Immigration Council and partner organizations have a number of informational and practical application resources about belonging that may provide additional support to you as you get started.
Appendix: Additional Resources
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The Gateways for Growth Challenge is a competitive opportunity for localities to receive research support and technical assistance from the American Immigration Council and Welcoming America to improve immigrant inclusion in their communities.
In 2022, the Center for Inclusion and Belonging created the Belonging Innovation Lab Fellowship to support and strengthen groups working to bring people together and build belonging in communities across the United States. The Fellowship was designed to recognize and reinforce the vital work being done by small, local nonprofit organizations—from colleges and literacy centers to mutual aid societies and community agricultural initiatives. Transforming Together celebrates the Belonging Innovation Lab Fellows’ extraordinary work building community and belonging, and elevates their takeaways to help others learn.
Thank you!
For more information, please contact: belonging@immcouncil.org
We would love for you to share this resource. At this time we ask that you share the landing page rather than forward the google slides link. Thank you for your assistance in helping us learn more about who is using the Handbook.
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