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Geography and Civic Inquiry

Spatial Analysis of the Built Environment

NCGE conference

Austin, TX

22 Nov 2019

DRL-1614216

Tom Hammond

Alec Bodzin

Lehigh University

Shannon Salter

Building 21 High School, Allentown (PA) SD

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(Before we begin; will be repeated at end)

  • Email
    • salters [at] allentownsd.org
    • hammond [at] lehigh.edu
  • Presentation available upon request
  • Curricular materials from this project available at https://eli.lehigh.edu/sesi

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The project and its context

NSF ITEST grant, 2016-19. Grant team included

  • Education researchers (social studies ed, science ed, STEM ed) + doc students
  • Earth & Environmental Science faculty, Political Science faculty + doc student
  • Social studies & science teachers from Building 21 High School

Setting

  • School = Public, urban, competency-based, graduated first class this June
  • Students = 2/3 Hispanic, 21% ELL, 19% have IEPs, many (~10-20%) identified as unengaged learners

Targeted outcomes

  • Student spatial thinking skills, STEM-related college & career interest
  • Teacher knowledge and skill with geospatial technology integration

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Output: Socio-Environmental Science Investigations (SESI)

Curriculum-aligned instructional materials that integrate geospatial technologies

Cross-curricular: 9th grade social studies and science

Sequence of authentic local geospatial investigations; each activity starts with student data collection

Projects for students to demonstrate spatial thinking, tool mastery

Materials available at https://eli.lehigh.edu/sesi

Flexible: Can run consecutively or concurrently, can move to adjust to weather or curricular demands, etc.

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Sample SESI activity: Trees & Ecological Services

Starts w/local data collection: identify trees on school campus, detect patterns

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Sample SESI activity: Trees & Ecological Services

Expands to look at entire city….

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Sample SESI activity: Trees & Ecological Services

...and directs students to observe inverse correlation between tree canopy and crime rate

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Sample SESI activity: Trees & Ecological Services

Culminates in a decision-making stage: How can you improve your local neighborhood using the information you learned in this investigation?

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Examining the mix of social studies & science

Investigation topics (can be flexibly sequenced):

  • Observing: Ecology, built environment
  • Trees & ecological services
  • Urban Heat Islands
  • Zoning
  • Built Environment activity
  • Transportation
  • Carbon sequestration lab

Project topics

  • Tree planting
  • Culminating project (urban planning for social, environmental, & economic sustainability)

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Examining the mix of social studies & science

Investigation topics (can be flexibly sequenced):

  • Observing: Ecology, built environment (sci & SS)
  • Trees & ecological services (sci & SS)
  • Urban Heat Islands (sci)
  • Zoning (SS)
  • Built Environment activity (SS)
  • Transportation (sci & SS)
  • Carbon sequestration lab (sci)

Project topics

  • Tree planting (sci)
  • Culminating project (urban planning for social, (sci & SS) environmental, & economic sustainability)

science

social studies

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Examining the mix of science & social studies

Investigation topics (can be flexibly sequenced):

  • Observing: Ecology, built environment (sci & SS)
  • Trees & ecological services (sci & SS)
  • Urban Heat Islands (sci)
  • Zoning (SS)
  • Built Environment activity (SS)
  • Transportation (sci & SS)
  • Carbon sequestration lab (sci)

Project topics

  • Tree planting (sci)
  • Culminating project (urban planning for social, (sci & SS) environmental, & economic sustainability)

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Zoning investigation

School is at nexus of many zones...

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Zoning investigation

...but some are not easily distinguishable to viewer!

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Zoning investigation

Waypoints to structure / spread out data collection

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Zoning investigation

Student data collection results

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Zoning investigation

Juxtapose student data against city zoning map

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Zoning investigation

Discussing discrepancies, propose changes

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Intended outcomes from zoning investigation

(Zoning exists! Things are not built / replaced / removed randomly; there is a controlling set of laws and intentions)

Things that humans place into the environment are part of the built environment

Notice and pay attention to the built environment; there are patterns and purposes within it, visible to those who know.

[ fish : water :: student : built environment ; “This is water!” ]

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...and now to pivot from Zoning to Built Environment

...any questions about the zoning investigation?

...next step in sequence is the Built Environment activity

(Zoning essentially just a stage-setter, getting them to look at their built environment with new / critical eyes)

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Built Environment

Evolution in our instructional design: From sandbox...

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...to Story Map: Scaffolds the instruction, chunks the analysis for students

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Built Environment

Studying data layers: Demographics, education, safety, etc.

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Built Environment

Propose two changes to the city to better meet needs

My first ward

My second ward

In what ward will you make a change?

What does this ward need more (or less) of?

Education

Safety

Recreation & leisure

Medical care

Education

Safety

Recreation & leisure

Medical care

What will you add (or subtract) in this ward? (Example: A library, a police station)

Explain the connection between the NEEDS in this ward and the RESOURCE that you want to add.

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Built Environment

Sample final product

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Sequencing for “critical geography” & a curriculum in tandem

  • Zoning investigation
  • Built Environment activity
  • Transportation investigation

  • Culminating project (urban planning for social, environmental, & economic sustainability)

science

social studies

“Geographic reasoning is essential to the development of citizens as informed decision-makers who creatively participate in a diverse, democratic society and in an interdependent world”

- Kenreich, 2008, p. 129

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(As promised!)

  • Email
    • salters [at] allentownsd.org
    • hammond [at] lehigh.edu
  • Presentation available upon request
  • If you want to see any of the curricular materials from this project, visit https://eli.lehigh.edu/sesi